The need for nutrients in pigs

   vitamins are a kind of special nutrients necessary to maintain the normal life and growth of pigs. Most vitamins must be taken from feed, which is very small, but they play an important role in withering and controlling metabolism. They also have disease resistance and immunity. It is mainly used for pig growth, health, feed conversion, reproduction and improving the survival rate, etc. if they are missing in the body, it will cause a series of vitamin deficiencies. There are more than 20 kinds of vitamins, and their chemical structures are different. It is generally divided into two categories: one is fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K, and the other is water-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin B and vitamin C.

   (1) fat-soluble vitamins

   vitamin A (anti-dry eye cord): it is related to the regeneration of rhodopsin in the retina of the eye, so it can protect visual acuity, normal physiological function of optic nerve, promote bone growth, enhance resistance and immunity, and the integrity of epithelial tissue and the health of digestive tract and respiratory tract mucosa. Vitamin A deficient pigs suffer from night blindness, keratinization of epithelial tissue and reduced secretion. The mucous membrane damage of various organs in severely deficient pigs reduces disease resistance and causes inflammation of the respiratory tract, digestive tract and genitourinary tract, leading to stillbirth and abortion.

   pigs can take vitamin A directly from animal feed, and carotene can only be absorbed from plant feed, and carotene can be converted into vitamin An in pig liver before it can be used by pigs.

   2, vitamin D (antirickets): it can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestinal tract, regulate the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus and the content of calcium and calcium in blood, and promote the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones. There are vitamins D 2 and D 3. Ergol in plants can be converted into vitamin D2 by ultraviolet radiation in sunlight, and subcutaneous dehydrocholesterol in pigs can be converted into vitamin D3 by ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. The two kinds of vitamin D have exactly the same effect on pigs. If some sun-dried grass powder is added to the feed, pigs can get some vitamin D 2. Large-scale pig farms generally use a variety of compound vitamin, which contains vitamin D to meet the needs of pigs.

   3, vitamin E (sterile hormone): it belongs to the most active tocopherol in phenolic compounds, which has strong oxidation and should be sealed and preserved. It can maintain the normal reproductive function of pigs, the normal physiological state of muscles and peripheral blood vessels, maintain myocardial health, promote nuclear metabolism, other vitamins can not be replaced. Vitamin E deficiency leads to burning myopathy, muscle atrophy, myocardial degeneration, pericardial hydronephrosis, reproductive dysfunction in sows, testicular dysplasia in boars and so on. Pigs need 234 international units of diet per day. Grains and green feed contain more vitamin E.

   (II) Water-soluble vitamins

   1, vitamin B1 (thiamine): is the coenzyme activating element of many cellular enzymes, which participates in the oxidative decarboxylation of ketones in carbohydrate metabolism. In the absence of this vitamin, acetone cannot enter the oxidation process in the tricarboxylic cycle, causing excessive accumulation of acetone in the blood, brain and muscles, resulting in neurological disorders, dyskinesia, and muscle degeneration. Bran and hay contain more vitamin B1. Pigs should be supplied with 0.3 international units in their daily diet.

   2, vitamin B2 (riboflavin): it is not only a component of lutein, but also a component of lutein, which often appears in the form of xanthase auxiliary group and participates in the metabolism of protein, fat and nucleic acid as well as biological oxidation. Lack of this vitamin causes metabolic disorders, lack of vitality of cells and eggs, slow growth of pigs, bone damage and decreased fecundity. There are more feed yeast, fish meal, bran, high quality hay and green feed. Pigs need 0.6 international units per day.

   3 and vitamin B12 are regulators of blood metabolism in pigs, which can promote blood production and metabolism, enhance the activity of nicotinic acid and amino acid synthase, contribute to the lack of vitamin BL2 in protein metabolism, and mainly cause anemia, imbalance of hindlimb movement and decrease of fecundity. Pigs need 429 micrograms in their daily diet.

   water is an important component of tissues and organs in pigs. In physiological activities, water plays an important role in nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, waste discharge, blood circulation and temperature regulation. Lack of water causes loss of appetite, low feed utilization rate, interferes with all processes in the body and affects the normal performance of productivity; severe water shortage even causes the death of pigs, especially piglets

The amount of drinking water of    pigs varies with the seasonal temperature, and it is necessary to ensure the drinking water of pigs in summer and small in winter.