Nutritional characteristics of Pig protein Feed

It includes plant and animal protein feed. Plant protein feed is mainly composed of all kinds of oilseeds and their pressed meal, while animal protein feed mainly includes fish meal, meat and bone meal, silkworm pupa meal, blood meal, feather meal and so on.

   (1) Plant protein feed

   1, beans: legumes are high in protein and can be called protein feeds. These feeds include soybeans, black beans, broad beans and peas, and contain less protein than cakes. Soybeans are expensive and the raw materials of soybean products, so it is not suitable to feed pigs with soybeans. Suckling piglets can be properly fed with cooked soybeans or fried soybean powder, but should not be excessive. Do not feed pigs with raw soybeans and raw cakes, because they contain antitrypsin and have strong activity, which can cause diarrhea and hinder growth.

   black beans are often used as feed for pigs, but it is not economical to feed them. Broad beans and peas are limited as feed sources, and they are not commonly used. if there are many producing areas in some areas, they can account for 5%-7% of pig diets, and the feeding effect is better.

   2, soybean cake (meal): soybean as pig feed, such as pressing oil first, feed the pig with its cake. Soybean cake is a by-product of soybean oil extraction. The by-product of soybean processing by pressing method is called soybean cake, and the by-product of soybean processing by extraction method is called soybean meal. Soybean cake (meal) is the best protein feed for raising pigs, in which the protein content is 40.9%, soybean meal is 43%, and it is also rich in lysine. It is used to raise lean pigs and plays a great role in the growth of lean meat. Soybean cake (meal) can account for 12%-20% of pig feed, with a maximum of no more than 25% causing diarrhea.

   3, peanut kernel cake: palatable, nutritious and easy to digest. Its feeding value is second only to soybean cake (meal), and its crude protein content is 44. 5%. 7%, peanut kernel meal is 47. 8%, but lack lysine, tryptophan, methionine and threonine. Peanut cake is not resistant to storage, easy to be infected with Aspergillus flavus, harmful to the health of pigs, storage should pay special attention to ventilation, drying, do not mildew.

It contains sinensis glucoside, which is hydrolyzed into toxic substances such as isothiocyanate and oxazolidinethione under the action of myrosinase, which is the pathogenic substance of pig thyroid, which hinders the growth and weight gain of pigs, and is poisoned to death in serious cases. Therefore, the amount of feeding should be strictly controlled, which generally accounts for 3% to 5% of the diet.

   5, cottonseed cake (meal): cottonseed cake contains 40.5% crude protein, cottonseed meal is 42. 5%. 5%, but it contains free gossypol, which can cause poisoning and even death. In particular, it has an adverse effect on the fecundity of boars and sows and is not used in their diets. The proportion of cottonseed meal in the diet of finishing pigs should be controlled at 10% ~ 15%. There are three commonly used methods for detoxification of cottonseed cake:

   (1) boil for 1 to 2 hours, cool and then feed.

   (2) soaked in 5% lime water for 10 hours, or immersed in 1%-2% ferrous sulfate solution for 24 hours.

In recent years,    cotton experts have developed non-toxic cotton. Its stems, stalks, leaves and cakes after oil extraction are good feed for pigs, which do not contain or contain a small amount of gossypol, which can be tried to feed pigs.

   6, sunflower cake: can be divided into shelled and shelled two kinds, shelled sunflower cake protein is higher than shelled, about 36.5%, and shelled in about 25%, of which methionine content is higher. The disadvantage is that the content of lysine is low, and the crude fiber with shell is more than 20%, so its feeding value is low and can only be used in a small amount.

   7, corn gluten meal: gluten without germ and starch, the protein of which is as high as 63.5%, and the medium is 44%-51%. However, its important component is collagen, and the contents of lysine and tryptophan are low, so it must be matched with cake to meet the protein needs of growing, breeding and fattening pigs.

   8, dregs: industrial processing by-products, mainly including brewer's grains, distiller's grains, sauce dregs, bean curd dregs. After drying, the protein content of the above dregs is more than 20%, so it can also be included in protein feed, but the feeding amount should be strictly controlled. Bean curd residue is a nutritious and digestible feed with high protein content, which is most suitable for feeding young pigs, but it must be cooked or steamed before feeding, because it contains antitrypsin, so it is not easy to digest.

   (II) Animal protein feed

   1, fishmeal: is the best protein feed, its protein content is as high as 62% ~ 65%, essential amino acids are comprehensive, vitamin content is rich, mineral content is also more comprehensive, proper proportion of calcium and phosphorus, the use of fishmeal in pig diet can significantly improve its production performance, pig daily gain can be increased by 15% to 25%, but fish meal is expensive, and there are many fake secret fish meal. Therefore, at present, many pig farms use Sichuan soybean meal instead of Peruvian fish meal in the diet.

   2, meat powder and meat and bone meal: this is a powder made of meat or meat processing by-products that are not suitable for human consumption after high temperature, high pressure or boiling treatment, degreasing, dehydration and drying. Usually those with a content of less than 10% are called meat powder, while those with more than 10% are called meat and bone meal.

The crude protein content of    meat meal is 50%-60%, while that of meat-bone meal varies according to its meat-bone ratio, generally 40%-50%, which is best used with plant protein feed, accounting for 3%-10% of the diet.

   3, blood powder: it is the blood obtained from slaughtering livestock, which is made by spray drying and contains 82. 5% crude protein. 8%, is egg protein feed, contains a variety of essential amino acids, blood meal palatability is poor, and protein digestibility is low, pig rations generally do not exceed 5%.

   4, silkworm pupa and silkworm pupa powder: it is a by-product of silk reeling industry, which is rich in fat, is not easy to store and affects the quality of meat fat. Therefore, it is appropriate to extract fat and make pupa powder for feed, which is resistant to storage and can improve the utilization effect. its protein content is nearly 80% and is rich in various amino acids, and its combination with cake can improve daily gain.

   5, yeast: is another kind of protein feed between animal and plant protein, and its protein content is also between the two, about 52.4%. Yeast has a bitter taste and poor palatability. Control the amount of feeding to avoid anorexia and affect weight gain and growth. The dosage should be 2%-3%, no more than 5%.

   6, feather meal: the endoplasm of hydrolyzed crude egg is 77.9%, which is higher than fish meal and is a good protein feed. Feather powder contains a lot of keratin, which must be hydrolyzed before it can be fed to pigs, but the cost of hydrolysis is high and a small amount of it can be used.