Agricultural Socialization Service Organization: "We serve farmers, who will serve them?"

The guarantee mechanism is generally missing.

Taking the most mature agricultural machinery service and pest control service in Hunan Province as an example, these two kinds of service organizations are faced with difficulties such as "breaking file" and "taking care of" production risks after sale.

During the spring ploughing period this year, several rotary tillers in the Sanming Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Changsha County broke down and could not operate normally. Although manufacturers and dealers have been contacted many times, the problem has not been solved, resulting in local farmers unable to plough nearly a thousand mu of arable land in time. Zhou Juming, head of the cooperative, told reporters that this kind of delay in production services due to lack of spare parts or untimely maintenance has become a "regular program" during busy agricultural seasons in recent years.

Yan Yueyun, general manager of Hunan Wotan Agricultural equipment Co., Ltd., told reporters that it is very common for agricultural machinery manufacturers to be "out of gear" after sale. The main reason is that the speed of product upgrading is fast, and after the old machine stops production, the relevant accessories will stop production, even if the agricultural machinery purchased two years ago, accessories may not be found in the market; second, the sales radius is large, the service radius is small. As some non-local manufacturers have not set up after-sales service points in the local area, there is a situation that "I will repair it for you once, and the repair fee is not enough for the road fee".

Old machine parts are difficult to find and delay production, while competition for new machines brings huge financial pressure. Zhou Juming said that although he already owns agricultural machinery with a total price of more than 4 million yuan, he still has to buy it every year. "Last year, I just upgraded the horizontal drum threshing harvester to a vertical one, and this year I have to spend hundreds of thousands of thousands to change the rice transplanter from 9 inches to 7 inches, otherwise I can't compete with others." Zhou Juming sighed: "this is like a bottomless pit. The money earned is basically spent on updating the machine."

Liu Kaijian, who is engaged in unified defense and rule services in Changde City, mocks himself as a "professional household who takes the blame for God." In 2013, some villages and towns in Changde reduced grain production by more than 50% due to the weather. Although the local agricultural department issued an authoritative appraisal afterwards, the farmers who suffered losses believed that this was the responsibility of Liu Kaijian, who provided pest control services, and refused to pay the service fee. Liu Kaijian's company lost 500000 yuan that year.

"Pest control is an open-air operation, which is highly affected by the weather, and failure to do a good job can easily lead to a reduction in production or even a bad harvest. However, agricultural production is actually affected by many factors. Once they encounter losses, it is a common phenomenon for farmers to blame service organizations regardless of whether they are thirty-seven or twenty-one. " Tang Huilian, deputy director of the Plant Protection Station of the Hunan Provincial Committee of Agriculture, said that almost all of the 1345 unified defense and ruling organizations registered for the record in Hunan Province have paid compensation or failed to collect service fees.

"the strength of the unified defense ruling service organizations is not strong. The registered capital is generally between 100000 yuan and 200000 yuan, and the net profit is only about 10%. Once there is a dispute or compensation, it will be done for nothing for a year." Tang Huilian said.

"attach importance to farmers over organization and technology to post-sale."

Although the importance of agricultural socialized service organizations for agricultural modernization and new business subjects is self-evident, how to ensure its normal operation is often ignored. In terms of policy formulation, the concept of "emphasizing farmers over organizations" has always existed.

In 2009, China United property Insurance Hunan Branch experimented with liability insurance specifically for unified defense rule service organizations. because the unified defense rule had just emerged at that time, the market had not yet taken shape, and this kind of insurance could only be made into one or two orders per county in a year. Canceled more than a year later.

Recently, when we learned from the reporter that the number of unified defense and domination service organizations registered in Hunan Province had reached 1345, with a service area of more than 10 million mu, Yang Minlong, deputy manager of the company's liability insurance department, was very surprised: "We always thought this market was very small, so we haven't paid any attention to it since 2011." Unexpectedly, it has developed so rapidly in recent years, so it seems that this kind of insurance is worth doing again. "

According to Tang Huilian, Hunan currently has a variety of subsidies to encourage farmers to grow grain, but there is no special fund to support unified defense and rule service organizations, and only Longhui County in the province has subsidized this through county finance.

In terms of agricultural machinery services, as agricultural equipment manufacturing is in a period of technological catch-up in recent years, enterprises generally have the problem of "emphasizing technology over after-sale". Zhu Hongchao, secretary general of the Hunan Tractor Strategic Alliance, said bluntly that the current problem of agricultural machinery manufacturing enterprises "emphasizing technology over after-sales" is already very serious, and if corresponding measures are not taken, this situation will probably continue for another five to eight years.

"China's agricultural equipment manufacturing can be described as' poor foundation and rapid development'. Ten years ago, the old-fashioned agricultural machinery, which was mainly hand-held lever, has begun to enter the intelligent era." Zhu Hongchao said that in this process, enterprises put their energies on technological innovation and do not pay enough attention to after-sale.

In the view of Liu Ning, chairman of Xiangtuo Agricultural equipment Co., Ltd., the lack of after-sales is also related to the lack of agricultural professionals, fierce market competition and unscientific policy formulation.

Liu Ning told reporters that the mismatch between teaching in agricultural vocational colleges and market demand and other reasons have caused the dilemma that "no one can repair" the new agricultural machinery. "I've been in this business for 20 years, but there are still dozens of agricultural machines that can't be repaired. For example, with the emergence of plant protection aircraft in recent years, it would be nice for Hunan province to find ten people who can fix it. " Liu Ning said.

In addition, due to fierce competition and frequent product replacement, most manufacturers are unwilling to take the risk of pressure to produce a large number of spare parts. The current catalogue of agricultural machinery promotion and subsidies also has the phenomenon of "no distinction between the north and the south" and "likes the new and hates the old". "most of the agricultural equipment in the current catalogue is only suitable for the northern plain areas, and it is basically produced by northern manufacturers." Liu Ning said that the catalogue also encourages the promotion of new products, which makes it more difficult for some manufacturers to keep up with after-sales service.

Take a multi-pronged approach to give full play to the potential of "agricultural waiters"

Because of the importance of serving farmers, agricultural service organizations have been written into the No. 1 document of the Central Committee for three consecutive years. However, compared with the many kinds of support received by family farms and professional farmers, there is little service for these "waiters". People in the industry believe that improvements should be made from the following aspects in order to explore the maximum potential of agricultural socialized service organizations.

First, under the premise of fully respecting the laws of the market and farmers' choices, the government should carry out appropriate guidance and management. Liu Ning believes that the government can guide policies such as subsidies to ensure the retention of agricultural equipment accessories and other high consumption and easy shortage of means of production. At the same time, enterprises are encouraged to build regional agricultural machinery and agricultural technology service centers to provide technical and after-sales protection for service organizations.

Second, full attention should be paid to the cultivation of service-oriented talents in modern agriculture. Industry insiders reflect that at present, the employees of many service organizations are trained through the "Sunshine Project" and other methods, but in the actual operation, almost all the trainees have to "return to the furnace and reinvent themselves." Tang Huilian said that as agricultural production has been subdivided into multiple links, the relevant training must be systematic and professional. Zhu Hongchao believes that in addition to strengthening practical teaching in agricultural vocational colleges, relevant manufacturers should also be encouraged to become the main body of training.

The third is to explore the diversification of agricultural insurance subjects and increase the support to service organizations. Liu Zuoxiang, an associate professor at the School of Economics and Management of Changsha University of Science and Technology, suggested that the government should give reasonable support to service organizations and related enterprises and carry out multi-insurance development for agricultural service providers and practitioners. Support financial institutions to take agricultural socialized service organizations as the focus of credit support for agriculture, and arrange a certain amount of credit funds every year to solve the problem of lack of seasonal and temporary operating funds.