How to slow down the pressure of increasing production continuously in the main grain producing areas

The country is people-oriented, and food is the most important thing for the people. Food security is related to the development of the whole national economy and social stability. In order to improve grain production capacity and ensure food security, China has established 13 major grain producing areas. In recent years, the grain output of the main producing areas has increased year by year, accounting for more than 70% of the whole country, and has become the backbone of ensuring national food security. However, since 2004, the national grain output has experienced 11 years of continuous growth. Under the existing agricultural resources such as per unit yield level, sown area and labor force structure, the main producing areas continue to increase production is facing greater pressure. The performance is as follows:

The capacity to increase grain production in the main producing areas is basically close to the limit. In the past decade, the increase of grain production in China has mainly benefited from the improvement of per unit yield, but it is maintained by the means of extensive development, that is, excessive soil fertility development and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. At present, the level of soil organic matter in the main producing areas is significantly lower than that in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and nearly 40% of the cultivated land has been degraded to varying degrees; the average use of chemical fertilizers per hectare is about 480 kg, which is 4.1 times the world average; the utilization rate of pesticides is only 30%, and at least 10% of the cultivated land is polluted by chemical fertilizers and pesticides that are not fully absorbed. In addition, with the rapid progress of urbanization, population, land and other agricultural resources will be transferred more centrally to the cities, further challenging the sustained growth of grain in the main producing areas.

It is more and more difficult to balance the increase of grain and income in the main grain producing areas. Since China implemented the reform of the grain circulation system in 2001, due to undertaking the special mission of food security, the development of industry and agriculture in the main producing areas is extremely uncoordinated. Falling into the development circle of "major grain-producing provinces, economically weak provinces, and financially poor provinces", it is difficult to "increase income and adjust structure". Coupled with the rapid rise in the cost of input factor products, farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain continues to decline.

It is difficult for new operators in major grain producing areas to obtain agricultural financial and insurance services. At present, large grain growers, grain growing cooperatives and leading enterprises have become important carriers of grain production in the main producing areas. Compared with ordinary farmers, the new operators face greater production input and market risk, and the demand for capital and insurance is also stronger. At the same time, the development of agricultural finance in the main grain producing areas is slow, and the supply of agricultural insurance is insufficient, which is far from meeting the needs of new operators, thus affecting the continuous improvement of grain production capacity in the main grain producing areas.

The infrastructure in the main grain producing areas is still very weak. In recent years, although the central government has continuously increased investment in agricultural infrastructure, the investment in irrigation and water conservancy construction in most of the major grain producing areas is insufficient, the phenomenon of aging and disrepair of irrigation canal systems and other water conservancy facilities is serious, and many producing areas still rely on nature for food. The ability of natural risk prevention and control is very weak.

There is a lack of strong policy support in the major grain producing areas. At present, China's policy support mechanism for major grain producing areas is lack of innovation, and it still depends on traditional methods such as financial rewards and subsidies of major grain producing counties. there is no timely adjustment of comprehensive subsidies for agricultural materials, grain price formation mechanism, benefit distribution mechanism for major grain producing and marketing areas, agricultural production and ecological compensation mechanism, resulting in insufficient complementarity and coordination of agricultural financial investment, price, trade and other related policies. The financial difficulties of the main producing areas can hardly be greatly improved.

In the face of the above reality, how to ensure the due interests of farmers and local governments in the main grain producing areas while maintaining food security, so as to achieve sustainable development of food security is the key to solve the production pressure in the main grain producing areas. To this end, we suggest that:

The first is to speed up the optimization of government regulation and control means to improve the enthusiasm of farmers in grain-producing areas. The central government should speed up the introduction of more preferential policies for key grain-producing areas and major grain-producing counties, and further improve the interest compensation mechanism for grain-producing areas. We can start from the following four aspects: compensation for the interests of the main body, compensation for the protection of cultivated land, compensation for the coordination of production and marketing, and compensation for macro-governance mechanism, so as to combine the grain production behavior of the relevant operators in the main grain producing areas with the economic development of the spatial region. Compensation will be systematic, phased and internalized to ensure the sustainability of food safety production.

The second is to carry out pilot projects for the recuperation and recuperation of agricultural resources in major grain producing areas, step up efforts to formulate an overall plan for the management of outstanding problems in the ecological environment in major grain producing areas, and explore a more scientific, ecological and sustainable mode of grain development in major grain producing areas. tap the new potential to improve grain production capacity. Speed up the transformation of medium-and low-yield fields, strive to improve land yield and resource utilization through soil improvement, soil fertility improvement and cultivated land restoration; speed up the selection and application of breakthrough "new varieties" of high-yield, stress-resistant and high-quality grain and the integrated innovation and popularization of "new technology", and take the connotative development road of relying on scientific and technological progress and increasing per unit yield. According to the characteristics of seasonal precipitation in different regions, the grain planting structure should be adjusted reasonably, and the potential of dry farming should be fully tapped according to the idea of "suppressing the inferior and expanding the superior, suppressing the summer and expanding the autumn", combined with the corresponding dry farming technology. to create a new growth pole of grain production in China.

Third, we should focus on supporting new operators as an important carrier of grain production in the main producing areas, providing protection from the aspects of land circulation, technical equipment, finance and insurance, and encouraging them to carry out all kinds of business before, during and after production. In order to speed up the resolution of the financial and insurance pressure restricting the new business entities, and encourage local governments to contribute or participate in the establishment of guarantee companies, the central government should also give appropriate policy and financial support. We will innovate the financing model of the grain industry chain and develop financial instruments such as large-scale agricultural machinery pledge, grain order pledge and warehousing pledge. Improve the insurance level of grain planting, expand insurance coverage, explore government-led policy-oriented agricultural insurance model and market-led commercial agricultural insurance model, and establish a catastrophe risk dispersion mechanism as soon as possible.

Fourth, further delineate the core functional areas of production in the major grain producing areas, use this as a platform to strengthen departmental coordination and resource integration, clearly plan various projects such as land renovation and high-standard farmland construction, and strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction. Take new business entities such as large grain growers as key objects, strive to strengthen the construction of irrigation and drainage, soil improvement, road regulation, machine ploughing roads, and electric power supporting projects, and introduce measures to solve the construction land such as grain drying farms, which are the main bodies of large-scale operation, as soon as possible. create conditions for large-scale production and improve the comprehensive production capacity of grain.

Fifth, we should further develop the potential of major grain producing areas in terms of technology, land and disaster prevention and disaster reduction, so as to ensure that grain production continues to increase. From the perspective of technical potential, the application and promotion of excellent varieties is one of the important guarantees to increase the yield in the main grain producing areas. In 2013, the national grain yield per mu was 358.5 kg, an increase of 69.6kg over 2004. from the point of view of improved varieties, the yield level of fine varieties tested in some regions still had room for improvement of 50 to 80 per cent. In terms of the quality of cultivated land, the per unit yield of high-yield fields can be increased by 5% after renewal and upgrading, and the per unit yield of medium-and low-yield fields can be increased by 20%. The two will increase grain production by more than 100 billion jin. From the point of view of strengthening the work of disaster prevention and reduction, loss is to increase production. The area of meteorological disasters in China is about 500 million mu to 600 million mu every year, and more than 7 billion mu of diseases and insect pests occur. With the improvement of the level of disaster prevention and reduction in the main producing areas, there is still great potential to increase production in this area.

Sixth, according to the concept of "big ecological agriculture", we should improve the ecological environment of the main grain producing areas, promote the construction of ecological civilization, and ensure the sustainable development of the main grain producing areas. Strengthen the protection of cultivated land and soil improvement and cultivation in the main grain producing areas, improve soil quality and protect soil safety, improve the construction of farmland forest network system, plant trees and afforestation along the road and along the river around the functional areas of growing grain, and combine with the greening of parks and villages to form a farmland shelterbelt system. We will increase the development of ecological agriculture, organically combine planting, aquaculture, straw ecological industry and biogas industry, and make full use of renewable resources.