Where is the most authentic origin of adzuki bean? What are the common varieties?

Adzuki bean, ancient name adzuki bean, red bean, red bean, etc.; alias adzuki bean, five-colored bean, rice bean, rice bean, originated in China, has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. Adzuki bean has the effect of laxation and diuresis, and has curative effect on heart disease and kidney disease. Eating the right amount of adzuki bean every day can purify the blood and relieve heart fatigue. So where is the most authentic origin of adzuki bean? What are the common varieties?

I. the most authentic place of origin of adzuki bean

Adzuki beans are the largest in Asia in the world, and are also produced in Africa, Europe and America. Adzuki beans are grown in about 24 countries in the world, with the largest production area in Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Australia, Thailand, India, Myanmar, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Colombia, New Zealand and the far East of the former Soviet Union. Zaire and Angola and other countries have a certain production area.

Adzuki bean is mainly distributed in North China, Northeast China, the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Northeast provinces have a larger planting area, followed by Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu and Taiwan provinces. Other provinces, cities and regions have small or sporadic planting areas.

Common varieties of adzuki bean

1. Jingnong No. 5 adzuki bean

Early maturity and high yield, suitable for (about June 25) or intercropping with young fruit trees (after June 1), the growth period is 90-95 days, the yield of medium fertility plot is 2250 kg / ha, large grain quality. 100-grain weight of about 14 grams, is a large-grain variety; mature pod color is brown, seed color is bright red, bright luster, rust resistance, resistance to powdery mildew.

2. Bao 9326-16 adzuki bean

Bao 9326-16 has the advantages of erect plant type, compact, well-developed root system and thick green leaves, which is suitable for planting in medium-high water and fertilizer land. The plant height is 67.4 cm, the main stem has 5.3 branches, the main stem nodes are 13.1 nodes, the pods per plant are 40.4, the pods are 5.8, the 100-grain weight is 18.6 grams, and the grain crude protein content is 25.85%, and the crude starch content is 51.09%. The grain color is bright, shiny and the commodity character is good. The growth period is 84 days, and the wheat is sown at the right time. Through many years of test and demonstration observation, Bao 9326-16 is resistant to drought, waterlogging, disease and continuous stubble.

3. Long Kenhong adzuki bean

The growth days of this variety is 85 ~ 90 days, the active accumulated temperature is 1800 ~ 1900 ℃, which is 12 days earlier than Bin Xiaodou 2, the plant height is 56 cm, the stem is thick, the culm is strong, the leaves are thick green, the plant type converges, the leaves are more branched, the leaf center is round, and the flowers are light yellow. The seed is red, the grain is big, the weight of 100 seeds is 1517g, it is resistant to diseases and insect pests. The mature period is the same, do not fry pods.

4. Liaohong Xiaodou No. 5

Plant height 123 cm, semi-erect plant type, sub-limited podding habit. The grain is long cylindrical, purplish red, shiny, large and neat, and the 100-grain weight is about 11 grams. It has the characteristics of disease resistance, barren tolerance and better agronomic comprehensive characters. It contains 22% protein, 2% fat, 65% carbohydrates and a variety of vitamins.

5. Baihong No. 5 adzuki bean

The seed is short cylindrical, the seed coat is red, thin and shiny, and the weight of 100 seeds is 11.6 grams. Plant semi-erect, unlimited podding habits, plant height 66.8 cm. There are 2.6 branches, 22.6 pods per plant, 8.3 cm long pods and 6.8 seeds per pod. Field investigation of natural disease, resistance to virus disease and downy mildew. The content of crude protein in grain is 23.6%.

6. Ehong Xiaodou No. 1

Ehongdou No. 1 is a high-yield variety with short stem and large grain. Under summer sowing condition, plant height 72cm, branch number 5.6, pod height 42cm, main stem 17 nodes, young stem purple, primary leaf lanceolate, leaf round, erect growth habit, limited pod setting, mature pod angle brown, pod length 7.8cm, pod diameter 0.75cm, pod straight, seed coat short cylindrical, seed coat dark red, cotyledon light yellow, 29 pods per plant, seed number 7.6 per pod, 1000-grain weight 186.1 g. It belongs to the variety of multi-pod and extra-large grain.

7. Jihong 9218 adzuki beans

Jihong 9218 has well-developed roots, deep main roots, large leaves, thick green, broad and round leaves, hard stems, yellow flowers and yellow-white pods. The plant type in summer sowing area is erect and lodging resistant, the plant height is about 50 cm, and the growth period is about 85 days. The suitable growth period in spring sowing area is about 115 days, and the plant height is about 55 cm. The number of nodes in the main stem is 13.5, the branch per plant is 3.2, the pod length is 8.1 cm, the number of seeds per pod is 5.6, the pod per plant is 23.8, and the weight of 100 seeds is 15.9 grams.

The above is the most authentic origin and variety introduction of adzuki bean. Adzuki bean is known as the "red pearl" in grain, which is not only a nutritious product for regulating people's life, but also one of the important raw materials for food and beverage processing industry. it has high nutritional value and health care function.

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