Introduction of common species of edible fungi

Edible fungus refers to the mushroom (macrofungi) with large fruiting body and edible fruit body, commonly known as mushroom. There are more than 350 species of edible fungi known in China, most of which belong to the subphylum basidiomycetes. As they grow in different regions and different ecological environments, there are many kinds of edible fungi. At present, there are 40-50 species that can be cultivated artificially in a large area, so what are our common edible fungi?

1. Tremella

Tremella fuciformis, also known as white fungus, has the functions of tonifying kidney and brain, strengthening essence and nourishing yin, refreshing, Ying blood, strong, clearing heat and moistening lung, promoting body fluid, relieving cough, moistening intestines and stomach, tonifying qi and strengthening heart, etc. It contains protein, fat, calcium, polysaccharides, crude fiber and so on. There are three kinds of polysaccharides in Tremella fuciformis A, B and C, all of which can inhibit tumor growth, among which polysaccharide C has the best effect. Other ingredients such as crude fiber and calcium can prevent cancer. It has been confirmed that Tremella preparation can improve the immune function of the body, enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages and increase the content of immunoglobulin, so as to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and achieve the purpose of treatment.

2. Auricularia auricula

Auricularia auricula, that is, black fungus, black and brown in color, soft texture, delicious taste, rich nutrition, vegetarian meat, not only add style to Chinese cuisine, but also nourish blood, make skin ruddy and glowing, and can prevent and cure iron deficiency anemia and other medicinal effects. Mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Fujian, Taiwan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other places. Grow on the rotten wood of more than 120 kinds of broad-leaved trees, such as oak, poplar, banyan, locust, etc., solitary or group. Artificial cultivation is mainly of Linden wood and bag material. It has the effects of cooling blood, activating blood circulation, stopping bleeding, benefiting stomach and moistening dryness. Contains protein, fat, a variety of sugar tips, vitamins and trace elements, minerals and so on. It also has anti-cancer effect and can treat diabetes, and now it has been made into tablets for oral use. Its anticancer components and mechanism need to be further studied.

3. Shiitake mushrooms

Lentinus edodes, also known as mushrooms, mushrooms, etc., is flat, sweet and non-toxic, and has the effects of nourishing yin, moistening the lungs, nourishing the stomach, promoting blood circulation and benefiting qi, strengthening the brain and strengthening the body. It is a health food with high nutrition and low fat. Contains protein, sugar, multivitamins and minerals. Among them, there are more than 30 kinds of enzymes and 7 kinds of essential amino acids. The polysaccharides contained in Lentinus edodes also contain 1Q 3-β-glucosidase, which can enhance cellular immunity and humoral immunity and improve the anti-cancer ability of the body. The inhibition rate of lentinan on sarcoma in mice was 98%.

4. Hericium Erinaceus

Hericium Erinaceus, also known as hericium Erinaceus. The sex is flat and the taste is sweet, which is beneficial to the five internal organs, aid digestion and replenish deficiency. Hericium Erinaceus is delicious and nutritious. It contains protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber, 16 kinds of amino acids, minerals and vitamins. Polypeptides, polysaccharides and aliphatic amides extracted from hericium Erinaceus have inhibitory effect on sarcoma. Now the pharmaceutical factory has produced hericium Erinaceus tablets, which are effective for gastric cancer, cardiac cancer and esophageal cancer.

5. Pleurotus eryngii

Pleurotus eryngii, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, is a new variety of rare edible fungus which has been successfully developed and cultivated in recent years. There are many products of Pleurotus eryngii on the market, such as Pleurotus eryngii-Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii extract, instant Pleurotus eryngii small packaging, independent packaging of Pleurotus eryngii and so on.

Pleurotus eryngii is rich in nutrition, rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc, which can improve human immune function and has anti-cancer, hypolipidemic, gastrointestinal and cosmetic effects.

6. Pleurotus ostreatus

Pleurotus ostreatus was originally a kind of wild mushroom growing in the high mountain and dense forest area of Guangchang, Jiangxi Province. Is a set of high protein, low fat, low sugar, health food therapy in one of the pure natural pollution-free edible fungi. The optimized and improved tea tree mushroom has crisp tender stalk, pure and fragrant taste and excellent taste. It can be cooked into a variety of delicacies. Its nutritional value exceeds that of other edible fungi such as Lentinus edodes. It belongs to high-grade edible fungi.

The above are the common types of edible fungi. China is very rich in edible mushroom resources. As a small investment, short cycle and quick-acting wealth project, edible mushroom cultivation has developed rapidly in China. Edible mushroom products were once in short supply and sold at a high price.

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