What is the best variety of apple saplings? What are the methods of raising seedlings?

Apple is one of the most common fruit varieties in people's daily life, and the area of the main apple producing areas in China is also very considerable, so do you know which variety of apple saplings is the best? Next, the editor of Nongxun Network will study with you.

What kind of apple saplings is good?

1. Red Fuji

Red Fuji varieties are more common in China, characterized by large size, red all over the body, round shape and average size like a baseball. 11% of the weight of the fruit is monosaccharide, and its pulp is compact, sweeter and crisper than many other apple varieties, so it is widely loved by consumers all over the world.

two。 Marshal Huang Apple

Medium-ripe varieties are currently produced in Gaizhou, Liaoning, Tangshan, Hebei, Shandong, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places, generally mature in the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holiday.

3. Gala apple

The fruit is medium-sized, with a weight of 180ml / 200g, short conical shape and golden yellow face. The sunny face has a light blush, with red intermittent wide stripes, and the fruit shape is straight and beautiful. The top of the fruit has five edges, the pedicel is slender, and the pericarp is thin and shiny.

2. Methods of raising apple seedlings

1. Cultivation of Qiao Huasheng rootstock

If the amount of seedling emergence is large, it can be transplanted when it grows to 2 or 3 true leaves. If transplanting is too late, the seedling stage will be long, and if it is too early, the survival rate will be low. If the seedlings are raised in a small arch shed, before transplanting, you should pay attention to opening both ends of the arch shed on a good day of 8 / 00 / 16 / 00 and ventilating for 3 / 4 days. Water should be irrigated immediately after transplanting, such as cultivating fast-growing seedlings, it is best to cover the arch shed. After transplanting, the row spacing is generally 20cm × 30cm, and the seedling emergence per 667m2 is 8000000 × 10000. the number should not be pursued unilaterally.

When the temperature in the shed reaches 30 ℃ at noon, pay attention to ventilation, open at noon at the beginning, and cover at night and open day with the increase of temperature. Under the climatic conditions in the middle and south of Shandong, Grain Rain can remove the arch shed after late April. Many times of ploughing and weeding are needed after emergence. Pay attention to topdressing and irrigation during drought, timely control of diseases and insect pests, mainly aphids and blight, if there is a blight, you can pour 600 and 800 times carbendazim solution to the roots.

two。 Cultivation of dwarfing self-rooted rootstocks

Dwarfing self-rootstock is mainly cultivated by cutting and striping propagation.

Cutting propagation includes two kinds of branch cutting (hard branch cutting and green branch cutting) and root cutting, generally mainly by root cutting. Make use of the root segment or residual root left by cutting the seedling out of the nursery, cut the root segment with the thickness of 0.3~1.5cm into about 10cm length, cut flat at the upper mouth and oblique cut at the lower mouth, insert it straight, and be careful not to insert it upside down. Soaking hardwood with indolebutyric acid (IBA) 1500mg/kg solution for 10 s can promote MM106 to take root well, and the rooting rate can reach 89%-92%.

3. The cultivation procedure of several kinds of seedlings

(1) biennial rootstock seedlings (conventional seedlings)

Compared with the fast-growing seedlings of the same year, the cultivation speed of biennial seedlings is slow, but the quality of seedlings is good, the root system is developed, and the branches are abundant, so it is suggested that conventional seedling production should be given priority to, and the amount of fast-growing seedlings should be reduced as much as possible. The procedure of seedling raising is as follows: seed collection, storage, → stratification, → promoting budding, → transplanting fixed seedlings when sowing → 2 leaves in mid-March (can cover arch shed) → if covering the shed, then go to the shed in late April to strengthen seedling management. → budding in mid-late August → 10 days after checking survival → survival (can not survive timely replacement or pre-germination to bud stage branch grafting) → strengthen management → leaves spray 0.3% 0.4% diphosphate Hydrogen potassium → defoliated → semi-mature seedlings → in the second year of spring shearing rootstock → to remove tillers from April to June Topdressing nitrogen fertilizer twice, irrigation during drought, control of diseases and insect pests and other → from August to October sprayed 0.4% 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2% 3 times → came out of the nursery in late November → two-year seedlings.

(2) rootstock seedlings of the same year (Sandang seedlings, fast-growing seedlings)

The cultivation speed of Sandang seedlings is fast, but the quality is poor, even if the height and diameter of seedlings can reach the standard, the amount of fine roots is less, the branches are not too full, and the buds are chaff. However, if we grasp the main links in the process of raising seedlings and cultivate them strictly according to the standard procedure, we can also get good quality seedlings. In particular, the continuous spraying of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer after late August is very effective for the enrichment of buds and branches and the formation of fine roots, and is the key measure to improve the quality of fast-growing seedlings. The procedure of seedling raising is as follows: seed collection, storage, → stratification → sowing, before sowing, → sowing in late February, pouring 300 × 400 times black alum before sowing, must be covered with arch shed → 2 × 3 true leaves, transplant seedlings after ventilation, it is best to cover arch shed → to pay attention to vertical blight. If it occurs, the root should be irrigated with 600 × 800 times carbendazim → when the temperature is more than 30 ℃. Strengthen seedling management after going to arch shed → in late April and strengthening seedling management after budding on the upper part of → interface 2cm from June 15 to 25, check survival after 7-10 days, cut rootstock, or directly cut rootstock → to strengthen management after bud germination, → sprayed 0.3% 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in late August, every 10 days, a total of 3 times, appropriate water control → came out of the nursery → Sandang seedlings in late November.

(3) dwarfing self-rooted rootstock

The dwarfing self-rooted rootstocks were budded in late August or grafted with apple varieties in the spring of the following year, and the length of the rootstock segment 15~25cm was suitable.

(4) dwarfing intermediate rootstock.

The conventional method takes three years to breed, and the procedure is as follows: seedling → budding dwarf rootstock in August in the first year (or spring branch grafting in the second year) → in the second year spring shearing rootstock → in the second year Aug. grafting apple variety → in the third year spring cutting interstock → came out in November in the third year. In order to speed up the cultivation, the following methods can be used to shorten the seedling raising period by one year.

Summer bud grafting method of ① varieties: → was grafted on dwarf rootstock 5cm in August by conventional method. In the second year, spring shearing stock → was budded on dwarf rootstock 25~35cm from the end of May to the beginning of June. → was grafted with cutting rootstock → and germinated in late November. → came out in late November.

② rootstock summer bud grafting method: according to the fast-growing seedling method to cultivate seedlings → budding dwarf rootstock → cutting stock → in autumn or the next spring in the middle rootstock segment 25~35cm bud grafting or branch grafting variety → cutting rootstock → came out of the nursery in late November.

③ segmented grafting method: in autumn, a variety bud was grafted on the short rootstock every other 25cm, and in the following spring, a variety bud was grafted at the top of each segment, and then the branch was grafted on the nursery rootstock. In order to improve the survival rate of grafting, the short rootstock scion or wax seal or bagging after grafting were used.

④ double grafting method: in the first year, the seedling was cultivated according to the conventional method, and in the second spring, the scion branch or embedded bud of the variety was connected to the dwarf rootstock segment with long 25~35cm, and then the grafted combination was connected to the rootstock. Pay attention to the wax sealing of the scion to improve the survival rate, strengthen the management of the growing season, and come out of the nursery in autumn. (source: Baidu knows, China Agricultural Press)

To sum up, it is the whole content of apple saplings. If you want to join the apple planting industry, you should consult more experienced people. At present, there are still a lot of apple growers, and they are all concentrated planting areas.

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