How to select plum seeds? What are the breeding methods?

Plum is one of the important fruit trees in temperate zone, which is basically cultivated in every province of our country, and the variety is also very rich. Plums not only taste good, but also have high nutritional value. At present, the warming trend of the market is becoming more and more obvious, and even many people have planted plum trees in their backyards. Of course, if you want to plant a good plum tree, it is very important to choose the right variety of plum seed, so how to choose the seed? What are the methods of raising seedlings? Let's get to know it.

High quality variety resources

1. Aegean plum

Originated in France, it was introduced into Yantai, China around 1855, and is now distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other places. The fruit of Aegean plum is oval in shape, with an average weight of 33.8 per fruit, concave top, shallow and obvious suture, yellow-green peel, purplish red, green pulp and sweet and sour taste. The mature period in Liaoning area is in the first ten days of September, and the varieties adapt to light and have good quality.

2. Angelo

One of the ten main varieties in California was introduced into China in 1994 and is now distributed in Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and other places. The fruit of Angeleno plum is flat and round, with an average single fruit weight of 102g. The fruit is green at the initial stage, then black-red, purple-black after full maturity, with high firmness and yellowish flesh. Crisp and refreshing, sweet taste, rich aroma, mature period is the end of September and the beginning of October.

3. Black gem plum

Originated in the United States, the fruit is flat and round, the average weight of a single fruit is 107g, the top of the fruit is round, the face of the fruit is purple and black, there is no fruit spot, the flesh is hard and crisp, there is much juice, and the taste is sweet but not astringent. In the first ten days of September, the mature period has strong drought and wind resistance, strong adaptability and high yield.

4. Qiuji Li

Originated in Japan, the fruit is nearly round, with an average single fruit weight of 150g, completely colored red, orange-yellow pulp, thick flesh, sweet and fragrant taste. In the middle of September, the fruit has the advantages of large size, good yield, bright color and strong disease resistance.

5. Changli No.15

It was made by Changchun Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jilin Province in 1983 and is now distributed in Northeast China and Beijing. The fruit of Changli No. 15 is flat and round, the average fruit weight is 35.2g, the bottom color of the pericarp is yellow-green, purplish red, the pericarp is thick and easy to peel off, less fiber and more juice. The mature period is in the middle and last ten days of July, and the fruit development period is 70 days. The fruit is beautiful in appearance, high in yield and resistant to storage and transportation.

Introduction to the methods of raising seedlings

In the process of daily production, there are three main seedling raising methods of plum: grafting method, split plant method and in vitro propagation.

1. Grafting method

The grafting method of plum is the same as that of peach tree, both bud grafting and branch grafting, peach rootstock is easier to bud grafting, plum rootstock cutting is more convenient than bud grafting. The best budding period is from mid-June to mid-August, and branch grafting is suitable for both spring and autumn. In the Yangtze River basin, spring connection is best from mid-February to early March, autumn from late September to late October, spring from early January to early February and autumn from August to September in South China.

2. Split-plant method

The method of dividing plants is simple and easy, and it is a method of raising seedlings that has been used all over the country for a long time, and it can be used as cultivated seedlings and rootstocks. The specific method is to dig the annular ditch of about 30cm around the tree plate from September to November, cut off part of the root system, apply mature organic fertilizer, the root wound can heal in the same year, and the root seedlings can germinate near the wound in the next spring. During the growth period, some weak seedlings and dense seedlings should be removed and properly shaped and dried. Generally, each tree can get more than 10 strong tiller seedlings.

3. In vitro propagation

The in vitro propagation of plum trees has been successful. the specific method is to take the stem tip or stem segment with lateral buds as explants, disinfect it with 75% alcohol for 2 minutes, and rinse once with sterile water. Then disinfect with mercuric chloride for 5 minutes and rinse with sterile water for 3 times. The explants were initially induced by inoculation in the improved MS medium soil. After 60 days of inoculation, the stem tips of the initially induced growing buds were transferred and subcultured on the improved MS medium. After 60 days, the tender stems with long 1~1.5cm were cut and transferred into the rooting medium 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L, and rooting could be taken after 20 days.

Generally speaking, in the process of planting plums, we must choose suitable varieties of plum seeds according to their own needs, and then carry out seedling breeding and other work. There are also many seedling raising methods of plum trees, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, but its adaptability to different regions is different, so which method to adopt depends on the specific conditions of each region.

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