What kinds of olives do you have? How to raise seedlings?

Olives are actually very good street trees and windbreak trees. Wood can be used as ships, sleepers, furniture, agricultural tools and construction materials. The fruit can be eaten raw or soaked, and can be used medicinally to treat laryngitis, hemoptysis, thirst, enteritis and diarrhea. Nuclear for carving, and medicinal, effective in the treatment of fish bone larynx. Let's learn about the varieties of olives. What are the breeding methods of olives?

What are the varieties of olives?

1. Chaozhou green skin olive

Chaozhou is a well-known excellent tree, the mother tree in Yixi Oak Pu Township, a single fruit weighs 12 grams. The fruit is beautiful in shape, good in flavor and high in edible rate. It is an early-maturing, fresh-eating and excellent variety.

two。 Winter round olive

Mainly produced in Meitang, Puning, Guangdong Province, the fruit is long oval, yellowish green. The single fruit weighs about 9 grams, crisp meat, less fiber, dregs, sweet, strong aftertaste and high quality. Meat and nucleus are not easily separated.

3. Black olive

Black olive is also known as black olive. The fruit is oval to long ovoid, purplish black, 3-4 cm long, larger than ordinary olives. The ends of the nucleus are obtuse, large and smooth, and the cross section is nearly round.

4. Chaoyang trigonous olive

Mainly produced in Chaoyang, Guangdong, the fruit is Obovate, and the single fruit weighs 10 grams. The flesh is white, crisp and dregs, strong aroma, sweet aftertaste, brownish red core, is a variety of excellent fresh food quality.

Second, what are the methods of raising olive seedlings?

1. Select mother tree and collect seeds

Large crown, dense fruiting branches, large fruit, compact fruit spacing, high yield per plant and stable excellent characters were selected as seed mother trees, and seeds were collected at the right time. 1.1 Fruit picking

Frosts Descent will leave the seed and harvest it after the kernel is fully hardened and the embryo is well developed.

1.2 extraction of seeds

The fresh fruit is piled up in a windless house with a thickness of 60-70 cm, covered with plastic film or straw, so that the fruit will rot naturally, turn over once every other week, remove the rotten fruit, wash the core and dry it. The seed method of hot fruit in boiling water first put the fresh fruit in the stone mortar and step on it with your foot for about 15 minutes, then put the fruit with scratched skin in a large leaky ladle made of bamboo, and then cook the ladle in boiling water for 1 minute, shaking the ladle incessantly. When the peel turns yellowish, immediately soak it in cold water for about 1 hour, and gently tap with a wooden hammer to separate the pulp from the core. The flesh can be pickled food. Salted seed extraction method mix olive fresh fruit with salt at 20:1, pour into a jar and step on it for 25-30 minutes until the meat core is separated, then soak in clean water for 6-8 hours, then gently knock off the grains with a wooden hammer. The pulp can be processed.

1.3 stratified seeds

Olive seeds need to be stratified to complete the post-ripening stage, choose to avoid the wind and cool indoor, with 60% water content of river sand (hold the river sand with hands, can form a mass without dripping) 1 layer, olive kernel 1 layer, so alternate accumulation of 4-5 layers. When the river sand dries up, it is necessary to spray water in time, or sift out the seeds for re-stratification and sow them in March-April of the next year.

two。 Selection and preparation of nursery sites

The olive nursery should choose the garden with flat terrain, deep soil layer, sufficient sunshine, low groundwater level, convenient drainage and irrigation, fertile soil, or mountain area with southeast slope and air circulation.

2.1 preparation of conventional seedling sites

Turn deeply in winter, sunburn, apply sufficient basic fertilizer, per mu of rotten human and animal manure, farm manure, such as 1000-1500 kg, the whole border embryo. From February to March, about 100 kg of calcium superphosphate was applied and formed into a standard seedling border (1.2-1.5 m wide, 22-24 cm high, and 30 cm wide).

2.2 preparation of nursery grounds with plastic nutrition bags

Apply basic fertilizer (same amount as above) before ploughing and harrowing in winter, mix the soil fertilizer evenly, and pile the fertile soil toward the center of the border and bag it. The nutrition bag is 15 cm in diameter, 0.2 cm in thickness and 30 cm in length. When loading the soil, the lower half of the soil is packed in the bottom of the garden, and the top half of the bag is filled with fertile soil, and the soil is filled with a bag ditch 15 cm wide and 20 cm deep, 6 bags per ditch, row by row, and the bags should be packed tightly with each other. After the arrangement, the ditch soil is piled around the plastic bag to prevent the plastic bag from aging. The specifications are: 100 cm wide, 20 cm high and 30 cm wide.

3. Sowing seeds

3.1 conventional seedlings are raised from February to March, the garden soil is divided into shallow trenches according to the row spacing of 30 cm, and superphosphate or rotten acquaintance feces and urine are applied, and after loosening the soil, a stratified seed is placed upside down, with a sowing depth of 1-2 cm. In order to do a good job of replenishing seedlings in time in the seedling stage, some seeds can be sown according to the plant spacing of about 5 cm in the free space around the garden. Cover with 2 cm thick mushroom soil or soil fertilizer in time after sowing, and then cover with plastic film or straw.

From March to April, take out the stratified seeds and soak them in hot soup of 75-80 ℃ for 0.5 minutes, then soak them in cold water for 1-3 hours, then sow 1 seed in each bag with a depth of 1-2 cm, cover with 3 cm mushroom soil or burning soil, and cover with plastic film or rice straw to increase soil temperature and prevent soil hardening.

4. Management after sowing

The olive began to germinate 40-50 days after sowing, and the emergence time was longer. In order to maintain suitable soil temperature and humidity and prevent heavy rain, mulch should be covered. If the seedlings are dry and encounter spring drought and high temperature, they should be watered. After the seeds germinated and broke the soil, the straw was removed in time and the film holes were exposed to the plastic film to prevent the growth of the seedlings from being inhibited by mulch. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, they begin to apply thin fertilizer, apply about 5% of the urine feces of mature people for the first time, and then apply it every half a month, and the concentration increases gradually. in the later stage, the compound fertilizer can be applied directly to the nutrition bag when it rains, but it must not stick to the seedlings, the application amount per mu is controlled within 1 kg, and the available fertilizers of urea and ammonium bicarbonate can not be applied.

In the present true leaves, if the sprouting is uneven, the seedlings can be made up with soil; 1-3 seedlings can emerge from each olive seed, and the work of interseedling should be done well at the seedling stage, as long as one strong seedling is retained in each bag. if the seedlings are to be used as supplementary seedlings, the fixed root water should be poured in time after filling. The olive seedling stage is afraid of frost, late autumn and early winter, in the nursery to build a good anti-frost, snow cover, in order to timely cover anti-frost, in case of extreme low temperature should be irrigated to prevent cold.

To sum up, it is all about the selection and breeding of olives. In fact, there are many varieties of olives, and when we choose varieties, we must adjust measures to local conditions.

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