How to harvest peony seeds? What are the methods of raising seedlings?

"Peony blossoms at home, festivities come naturally." Peony is an important ornamental plant and belongs to one of the top ten famous flowers in China. Once regarded as China's national flower, known as "king of flowers" reputation, because of its large and fragrant flowers, it is also known as "national color Tianxiang". It has been introduced all over the world for thousands of years of natural growth and more than 1500 years of artificial cultivation. So how to harvest peony seeds? What are the methods of raising seedlings? Next, let's have a look with the editor.

How to harvest peony seeds?

1. Select and retain farming fields.

In order to cultivate medicinal peony in a large area, the seed field should be selected according to the plant age and growth situation of peony. Generally, the seeds of 5-year-old tree peony are full and full, which is the main object for seed selection and retention. The seed setting amount of 7-year-old plants should be controlled so as not to affect seed plumpness and root bark yield. That is, in the bud stage, the poor growth and late budding buds are removed, and the robust buds are retained.

2. Seed collection time

In autumn, when the fruit is crab yellow, it can be harvested, the seeds are not mature enough, and if it is too late, the seed coat becomes black and hard and it is not easy to emerge. On this point, the ancients have a clear understanding, Ming Xue Fengxiang "Peony eight Books", peony seeds "like tender do not like old ⋯⋯when the color is yellow, black is old". "the young sprout in one year, the young in two years, and the very old in three years." In the actual production, peony, such as collecting and sowing seeds too late, the emergence rate is very low, and it is often not until the third year that all seedlings can be produced. The seed maturation period varied with different regions. Lunan in Shandong Province matured from mid-July to early August and Lanzhou matured in mid-late August. In addition, different varieties, there are early and late maturity, we should pay attention to local conditions, harvest in batches.

3. Seed collection method

The seeds will mature sooner or later and should be harvested in batches. During harvest, the crab-yellow fruit is picked and stacked in a cool and ventilated place, so that the seeds continue to complete the post-ripening process in the shell and turn every 2-3 days. After 10-15 days, the seeds changed from yellowish green to brown to black, and most of the pericarps were dehiscent. At this time, it should still be stacked in the same place, do not expose to the sun, so that the seed coat hardened, wait for about 5 days before the seed, pick out the seeds and sow. The south of the Yangtze River should pay attention to the stacking site not to be too wet, so as not to cause decay.

Second, what are the seedling methods of peony?

1. Sowing seeds at the right time

Peony seeds should be collected and sown in the same year. Heze, Zaozhuang and other places in Shandong Province were more than those planted in late August to early September, and the roots were less and short in the late year, and the seedling growth was weak after the year. Peony seeds have the characteristics of Hypocotyl dormancy. After sowing at the end of autumn, only young roots are produced at room temperature, and the buds need to undergo low temperature in winter to complete the physiological changes during the dormancy period. If sown in the following spring, only young roots can grow in that year, and the buds still have to wait until the spring of the third year.

2. Seed treatment

The black hair of the dry seed coat is hard and impermeable. Soak the seeds in warm water of 50 ℃ for 24-48 hours before sowing to soften the seed coat and sprout easily by absorbing water. Soaking seeds with an appropriate amount of plant ash before sowing is beneficial to germination and emergence. If the seeds cannot be sowed immediately, the seeds can be mixed well with the same amount of fine sand and then stored in sand, but the sand storage time should not exceed 15-20 days, and the seeds must be planted before rooting.

3. Planting under the whole bed

Apply enough base fertilizer, turn it deeply and flatten it, and plant it under the border. The seedlings of Heze and Zaozhuang in Shandong Province are raised in small high border (because the seedlings in low border are easy to be silted into the soil after watering, and the wide and high border is often 8-10cm in height, 35-50cm in width and 30cm in width because there is no water in the middle. The seeds were sown on demand according to row spacing 6-9cm and plant spacing 3-4cm, and the outermost row was 10cm away from the border. It can also be sowed when the seeds are sufficient, and the plant distance should not be less than 3cm. After sowing, cover 2cm thickness with wet soil. In order to prevent drought and preserve soil moisture and increase the ground temperature, plastic film can be covered with soil. 25-35kg is used for each 667m2 on demand, and about 50kg is needed for broadcast. Flat beds should be used to raise seedlings in places where there is no water source, but sow seeds when the soil moisture is suitable after rain, and cover them with plastic film after planting. Rain Water more areas use high border sowing, first in the sowing ditch, sowing hole with mature manure, and then sowing. After covering the soil, cover the thatch to moisturize and prevent the impact of Rain Water, and remove it in early February of the following year.

4. Seedling stage management

As long as the soil moisture is suitable at the right time, young roots can be sent out about 30 days after sowing, and grow to 10-12cm in the same year. From late February to mid-March of the following year, the ground temperature rose to 4-5 ℃ and the seed buds began to germinate. at this time, the covering soil and plastic film should be removed, and then the topsoil should be loosened. In Heze, Zaozhuang and other places, the seedlings basically appeared in the middle and late March, and the cotyledons remained in the soil with shells. In that year, the stem of the aboveground part was about 4cm, with one terminal bud, 1-4 adventitious buds at the root neck, and the root was yellowish white. The growth of seedlings mainly depends on base fertilizer. For 2-year-old seedlings, it is necessary to strengthen nursery management, topdressing and watering, loosening soil and preserving soil moisture after watering or rain.

5. Seedling transplanting

If the fertilizer and water are suitable, the annual seedlings can be transplanted. Transplanting can be carried out in September. When raising seedlings, dig a 60cm deep ditch from one end of the border, then dig the soil and seedlings into the ditch vertically with a shovel, then pick out the seedlings, separate them according to size, and prepare the seedlings for planting, and the seedlings are concentrated and densely planted in the border to be transplanted when they grow up. The planting density of seedlings is generally 60cm × 50cm, and the length of growth years can also be expanded or reduced according to the fertility of the land or preparation. For each 667m22200 hole, two seedlings are planted in each hole for one year-old seedlings and one for two-year-old seedlings.

The above is the introduction of peony, there are many varieties of peony, sexual preference for warm, cool, dry, sunny environment. After flowering, it is gorgeous and large, with greater ornamental value, and it is still a symbol of wealth and auspiciousness.

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