Speed up the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas

Anhui is not only a major agricultural province, but also a major agricultural machinery use province. At present, the total power of agricultural machinery in the province has reached 63.65 million kilowatts, ranking fourth in the country; the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation and harvest has reached 69.6 percent, 8 percentage points higher than the national average. However, the development of agricultural mechanization is still in a state of unbalanced and uncoordinated development. The rapid development of agricultural mechanization in plain areas and the slow progress of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas has become a "bottleneck" restricting the development of local modern agriculture.

Speeding up the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas is an urgent requirement to improve the overall level of agricultural mechanization and promote agricultural modernization, and it is an effective way to promote agricultural efficiency and increase farmers' income in mountainous areas. We must fully understand the importance of speeding up the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas, seize the great opportunity that farmers' demand for mechanization is becoming more and more urgent, and overcome unfavorable factors such as the influence of geographical and geomorphological structure, weak agricultural infrastructure, complex and diverse crop varieties in mountainous areas, and further clarify development ideas, highlight key links, and take effective measures to promote the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas.

First, it is the foundation to carry out scientific research and tackle key problems-- take the research and development of machinery and tools in mountain areas as the basic work, organize joint efforts to tackle key technical problems, scientifically determine the technological route of agricultural mechanization in mountain areas, and research and develop machines and tools suitable for agricultural production in mountain areas.

First, we will organize a joint effort to tackle key problems. We will integrate scientific research efforts, organize agricultural machinery promotion and technological research and development institutions to jointly tackle key problems with institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes, and production enterprises, and focus on strengthening the research and development of small and medium-sized agricultural machinery, agricultural products with advantageous characteristics and processing machinery suitable for the characteristics of mountain areas. At the same time, actively organize and strive for national science and technology support plan, agricultural industry science and technology plan and other key science and technology projects, with the project as the support, attract social scientific research forces studying mountain characteristic mechanization to participate in tackling key problems. The second is to scientifically determine the technological route. Combined with the reality of the mountain area, we should achieve the "two combinations", that is, adhere to the combination of agricultural mechanization and industrialization, and do a good job in seed selection, seedling breeding, planting, plant protection, management, harvest, grading, packaging, storage, processing and other links, so as to provide pre -, mid-and post-natal support for agricultural mechanization. Adhere to the combination of portability, safety, economy and environmental protection, in the selection of machinery, we should not only adapt to the characteristics of poor working conditions of agricultural machinery in mountain areas, and regard portability and safety as the basic requirements of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, but also in line with the general direction of ecological environment management in mountain areas. develop economical, environmentally friendly and green agricultural machinery. The third is to strengthen the research and development of machines and tools. Taking fully into account the characteristics of agricultural mechanization technology and machinery diversity in mountainous areas, in the mechanization of grain and oil crop production, we focus on the research and development of small rice transplanters and rice harvesters suitable for small fields in mountainous areas. as well as small rape direct seeding machine and transplanting and harvesting machinery. In the mechanization of production and processing of characteristic agricultural products, emphasis is placed on the development of tea picking and processing, hickory peeling, chestnut peeling, chrysanthemum drying, plant protection of fruits and vegetables, vegetable planting, initial processing of Phyllostachys pubescens, as well as tea garden and orchard weeding, pruning, fertilization and intermediate ploughing and other machinery to better meet the needs of the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas.

Second, strengthening technology popularization is the key-- take technology popularization as a key work, give full play to the role of agricultural machinery technology extension institutions as a link between agricultural machinery manufacturers, scientific research institutions and farmers, and persist in giving priority to experiments and demonstrations. cultivate farmers, agricultural machinery hands and other agricultural machinery technology application of the final carrier, vigorously promote agricultural mechanization technology in mountainous areas.

The first is to play the role of "link". Relying on agricultural machinery technology extension institutions, through new machinery and new technology performance (exhibition), observation, as well as the organization of technical extension personnel on-site teaching, field guidance, speed up the popularization and application of new machinery and new technology. In close connection with the reality of agricultural production in mountainous areas, a number of key technologies of agricultural mechanization suitable for the characteristics of mountainous areas are screened and determined, starting with agricultural mechanization demonstration and extension projects and household projects of agricultural machinery science and technology. we will vigorously popularize advanced and applicable machines and technologies that are suitable for operation in mountainous areas and are highly needed by farmers. Second, test and demonstration should be given priority. Adhere to the idea of "experiment, demonstration, and popularization", accurately select key crops and key links, combine with the implementation of agricultural machinery test and demonstration projects in mountainous areas, establish demonstration films and demonstration sites, and promote the popularization and application of advanced and applicable agricultural mechanization technologies in mountainous areas by "showing and guiding farmers to work." The third is to strengthen the training of farmers. Give top priority to technical training for farmers, agricultural machinery operators and large agricultural machinery households, and increase training efforts in combination with the implementation of new professional peasant training, sunshine engineering, and science and technology entry into households, so that farmers and agricultural machinery operators and large agricultural machinery households should not only understand the performance of machinery and tools, operation essentials, but also teach standardized operation technology, safe operation technology, and so on. We should make full use of on-the-spot meetings, demonstration meetings, technical training courses, sending science and technology to the countryside, radio and television, and other forms and channels to educate and train farmers, and strive to cultivate a large number of new professional farmers to promote the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas.

Third, the core is to promote the deep integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy-- to strengthen the agronomic integration of agricultural machinery as a fundamental work, and to make efforts to improve the working mechanism, determine the application model and promote the construction of demonstration.

The first is to establish the working mechanism of agronomic integration of agricultural machinery. It is necessary to establish a joint meeting system, and departments such as agricultural machinery, agricultural technology, plant protection, seeds, and agricultural scientific research should strengthen contacts, communicate and consult, and coordinate and solve the difficulties and problems encountered in the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas. In particular, in the planting and processing of tea, chestnut, bamboo, and other products, as well as mechanized cultivation and transplanting of rice, it is necessary to establish an expert group organized by agricultural machinery and agronomic technicians to strengthen technical guidance and form a working mechanism for agricultural machinery and agronomic experts to jointly study and cooperate in tackling key problems. The second is to explore the application mode of agronomic integration of agricultural machinery. There are a variety of crops in mountain areas, so it is necessary to select crops and key links with representative and distinctive advantages, and actively carry out pilot projects of technical integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in combination with the experimental and demonstration projects of mechanization in mountain areas. Give full play to the role of the expert group, on the basis of the pilot, study and put forward the production route and technical model, and formulate scientific, reasonable and mutually adaptive agronomic standards and machinery operation norms, so as to lay the foundation for the implementation of standardized production. The third is to promote the demonstration construction of agronomic integration of agricultural machinery. Strengthen the leadership and guidance for the construction of demonstration counties, demonstrate and drive the broad masses of farmers to apply a number of advanced technologies of organic integration and mutual promotion of agricultural machinery and agronomy in mountain areas, to provide a learning, comparable and replicable model for the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in the province's mountainous areas and promoting the development of modern agriculture.

Fourth, strengthening social service is the guarantee-- take strengthening social service as an important work, support and strengthen the main body of social service focusing on cooperatives, improve and improve the social service system with operation, maintenance, supply, intermediary and rental services as the main contents, and improve the operation mechanism of social services.

The first is to vigorously cultivate the main body of social service. We will establish a pluralistic input mechanism guided by financial funds and supplemented by individual farmers, agricultural production and operation service organizations and other social investments to support the development of socialized service subjects. We will support agricultural machinery households to develop into specialized agricultural machinery households, guide agricultural machinery farmers and farmers to join cooperatives with machinery, land, funds and technology, and establish agricultural machinery cooperatives in various ways. We should focus on supporting agricultural machinery cooperatives, strengthen operational guidance, and give preferential policies in terms of project arrangements, personnel training, and the purchase of machinery and tools. We will carry out "co-construction of social enterprises", "co-construction of banks and enterprises" and the selection of demonstration cooperatives to promote the standardized development of agricultural machinery cooperatives. Actively promote the main bodies of agricultural machinery services to carry out horizontal and vertical cooperation, encourage and guide agricultural machinery cooperatives to set up United cooperatives, joint-stock operation companies, agricultural machinery leasing companies, and so on, so as to improve the degree of organization of services. The second is to speed up the construction of social service system. We should take agricultural machinery households as the basis, agricultural machinery service organizations as the main body, agricultural machinery intermediary services as the link, agricultural machinery operation, maintenance, supply, intermediary and rental services as the main contents, and establish and improve the socialized service system of agricultural machinery in mountainous areas. We will actively cultivate the agricultural machinery operation market in mountain areas and encourage all kinds of agricultural machinery socialization service providers to provide low-cost, convenient, omni-directional and high-quality agricultural machinery operation services. Speed up the cultivation of agricultural machinery maintenance market in mountain areas, and strive to build a reasonable layout, standardized service, convenient and efficient agricultural machinery maintenance service network to meet the maintenance needs of machinery in mountain areas. Vigorously develop agricultural machinery intermediary services in mountain areas, carry out operation information consultation and docking services, and build communication bridges for both supply and demand. Third, efforts should be made to improve the social service mechanism. In accordance with the requirements of service specialization, operation marketization and service branding, the factors of production are rationally allocated through the market mechanism to further improve the operation mechanism of social service. Guide agricultural machinery cooperatives to establish a democratic decision-making system, give full play to the functions of members'(representatives) general assembly, council and board of supervisors, improve the level of scientific decision-making and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of members; establish a production management system, strengthen cost accounting, improve the efficiency of the use of machinery; establish income distribution systems, strengthen financial management, standardize surplus distribution, and further mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of members.

Promoting the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas is a systematic project, and the relevant departments should earnestly perform the functions of planning and guidance, supervision and management, coordinated services, ensuring investment, and scientific and technological research and development, and strive to form a work pattern of joint efforts of departments, joint management, and joint efforts. Strengthen policy support, focusing on project support, financial support, investment in scientific research, subsidies for purchasing machinery and land for agricultural mechanization production facilities, ancillary facilities and supporting facilities, to support and promote the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas. Strengthen publicity and guidance, make full use of television, radio, newspapers, Internet, mobile phone text messages and other news media to widely publicize agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas, so as to create a good environment for promoting the development of agricultural mechanization in mountainous areas.