How to build a standard beef cattle barn? Is there anything to pay attention to?

Barn refers to the house used to raise cows and beef cattle. According to the different climatic conditions in the north and south, semi-open barns, plastic sheds and so on can be built. The semi-open cowshed is well ventilated and suitable for the south, while the plastic greenhouse cowshed has good heat preservation effect and is more suitable for the cold north in winter. Here the editor introduces to you the construction methods of these two kinds of cowshed and the matters needing attention!

One and a half open barn

The semi-open barn has walls on three sides, an open side to the sun, a partial ceiling, a fence on the open side, a sink and a material trough in the fence, and beef cattle scattered in it. 15-20 heads per house (herd), and each cow occupies an area of 4-5 square meters. This kind of cowshed has the advantages of low cost and labor saving, but the effect of preventing cold in cold winter is not good.

2. Plastic greenhouse cowshed

Plastic warm shed cowshed is a kind of semi-open cowshed, which is a kind of semi-open cowshed introduced in the cold areas of north China in recent years. Compared with the general semi-open barn, the heat preservation effect is better. The plastic greenhouse cowshed has three full walls, the sunny side has a half wall, and there is a canopy of 1-2-2-3. The sunny side opens in the open air in the warm season, while in the cold season, the open side is supported by materials such as bamboo and steel bars, and is covered with single or double-layer plastic, leaving a gap between the two films, so that the barn is in a closed state with the help of solar energy and the cow body itself. raise the temperature of the barn and prevent heat loss.

III. Equipment in the barn

1. Cow bed: the cow bed is the place where the cattle eat and rest. The length of the cow bed varies according to the size of the cow. The general design of the beef cow bed is to make the front body of the cow close to the back wall of the trough, the hind legs close to the edge of the cow bed, and the feces can fall directly into the ditch. The adult cow bed is 1.8-2 meters long and 1.1-1.3 meters wide, the breeding bull bed is 2-2.2 meters long and 1.3-1.5 meters wide, the fattening cow bed is 1.9-2.1 meters long and 1.2-1.3 meters wide, and the cattle bed over 6 months old is 1.7-1.8 meters long and 1-1.2 meters wide. The cowbed should be 5 cm above the ground and maintain a gentle slope to facilitate scouring and keeping dry. The cow bed had better take concrete as the ground, that is, to keep warm and protect the hoof.

2. Feeding trough: both fixed and movable feeding trough can be built. Cement trough, iron trough and wood trough can all be used as cattle feeding trough. The length of the feeding trough is the same as the width of the cow bed, the width of the upper mouth is 60-70 cm, the width of the bottom is 35-45 cm, the height of the near side groove is 40-50 cm, the height of the far side groove is 70-80 cm, and the bottom is curved, and a railing is set behind the trough to stop cattle.

3. Dung ditch: there is a ditch between the cow bed and the channel, 35-40 cm wide and 10-15 cm deep, with a certain slope at the bottom of the ditch so that sewage can flow.

4. Dung removal passage: the manure removal channel is also a passage for cattle to enter and exit, which is often built into a cement pavement with a certain slope and engraved with lines to prevent skid. The fecal canal is 1.5-2 meters wide. There are also manure removal channels at both ends of the bullpen, 1.5-2 meters wide.

5. Feed channel: set the feed channel in front of the trough. The passage should be 10 centimeters above the ground. The feed channel is generally 1.5-2 meters wide.

6. The door of the barn: the barn usually sets two side doors at both ends of the barn, that is, opposite the central feed passageway, and the longer barn also sets a door on the leeward side of the longitudinal wall to facilitate the entry and exit of people and cattle. The door should be made into a double push door without setting a sill, and its size is 2-2.2 meters × 2-2.2 meters.

Fourth, the construction of plastic film warm shed cowshed should pay attention to the following aspects:

(1) choose the appropriate orientation, the plastic greenhouse cowshed should sit north to the south, the angle of south by east or west should not exceed 15 °at most, and there should be no tall buildings and trees at least 10 meters south.

(2) to select a suitable plastic film, we should choose PVC and other plastic films with high solar transmittance and low long-wave radiation transmittance on the ground, with a thickness of 80-100 microns.

(3) the ventilation port should be set up reasonably, the air inlet of the shed should be located on the south wall, its height from the ground should be slightly higher than the height of the cow body, and the exhaust port should be located on the leeward side of the top of the shed with a windproof cap. The area of the air outlet is 20 cm × 20 cm, and the area of the air inlet is half of the area of the air outlet, and an exhaust port is set up every 3 meters.

(4) if there is a suitable incident angle of the shed, the incident angle of the shed should be greater than or equal to the solar height angle of the local the Winter Solstice.

(5) pay attention to the setting of the slope of the plastic film, and the angle between the plastic film and the ground should be 55-65 °.