What are the methods of raising mutton sheep in autumn? What should I pay attention to?

Mutton sheep is one of the livestock with the strongest adaptation to the external environment, with wide feeding habits, rough feeding tolerance and strong stress resistance. Mutton sheep has the characteristics of high meat production performance, more lean meat, high protein content and so on. In recent years, domestic and foreign mutton market demand is exuberant, the breeding benefit is good. So what are the methods of raising mutton sheep in autumn? What should I pay attention to?

Build a sheep shed

Sheep sheds should be built in places with high terrain, good ventilation, good drainage and convenient water sources, and closed or semi-enclosed sheep houses can be built according to the actual situation of sheep farms. The sheep house should be well lit, well ventilated, keep the air fresh, keep the temperature at 1 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ in winter, cover the grass properly in winter and change it regularly.

The area should be determined according to the number of sheep raised, with a height of 2.5 to 3 meters, a width of 7 to 8 meters, and a length according to the number of sheep. The door should be wider, generally 2-2.5 meters and 2 meters high. The area of each adult sheep is 0.8-1.2 square meters, that of adult sheep is 0.7-0.8 square meters, that of lambs is 0.5-0.6 square meters, and that of ewes and lambs in late pregnancy or pre-lactation is about 2.2-2.5 square meters.

The lambing room should be reserved when building the sheep. the lambing room can be calculated on the basis of 20% / 25% of the total number of basic ewes, and each lambing ewe occupies an area of 22.5 square meters.

When building a semi-enclosed shepherd, it is necessary to reserve a sports field in front of the sheephouse, so as to buckle the plastic greenhouse in winter, both sunny and warm. The length of the sports ground is the same as that of the sheep house, and the area should be 3 times the area of the sheep house. If the sheep house is semi-closed, the sports ground can be appropriately smaller. The ground of the playground should have a certain slope, the rain does not accumulate water, and the fence or wall is 1.2 to 1.5 meters high.

Selection and breeding of improved varieties

In order to select the breeds with good meat production, wool production and lambing performance, we can optimize the flock structure, eliminate the old sheep and poor production performance sheep year by year, select them many times, and cultivate them according to classification and sections. adhere to the principle of time (time), city (market conditions), step by step, optimize the flock structure and improve economic benefits.

Due to the different breeding varieties, quantity and development in the farm, the selection methods are different and the selection proportion is also different, but the birth, weaning, one-year-old stages, reproductive performance and offspring growth rate should be comprehensively considered.

Ewes should be selected according to the principle of elimination rate 15%-20% and retention rate 35%-40%.

According to the situation, ram is introduced into Suffolk, Dorset, Boer goat, small-tailed Han sheep and other fine breeds, generally not self-breeding. The age structure of young sheep (0.5-1.5 years old) accounted for 15% 20%, and adult sheep (1.5-4 years old) accounted for 65%, 75%, and 5-and-a-half years old accounted for 10%, 20%. The proportion of ewes reaches 65%-70%, of which 45%-50% can reproduce ewes.

The greater the proportion of ewes, the higher the rate of production, and the better the economic benefits.

Breeding management

In this mating, in order to obtain lambs with good wool and meat production performance, a good breed of ram should be selected for ewe breeding. Through the rational collocation of rams and ewes and the adoption of scientific breeding methods, the goal of excellent and full mating can be achieved. If this mating, to master the ratio of breeding rams to big ewes, generally every 100 ewes need at least 3 breeding rams, if less than 3, some ewes may be empty.

If artificial breeding wants to obtain better lamb offspring, we can choose frozen semen of sheep such as Demei, Texel, non-horn Dorset and so on. The life span of ewes is generally 10-15 years, the gestation period is 145-152 days, and each fetus gives birth to 1-5 litters. If the method of artificial insemination is adopted, equipment such as semen collection, insemination and semen dilution should be prepared, and artificial insemination should be carried out by technicians. Artificial insemination can greatly improve the utilization rate of high-quality breeder rams. Generally, each breeder ram can match 200 sheep in one breeding season.

Artificial breeding can not only make full use of high-quality male sheep, but also artificially control the lambing season and breeding frequency. Estrus synchronization and other estrus control techniques can also be used to make ewes concentrate on estrus in time, mating in a short time, higher conception rate and mating rate, full mating of ewes of appropriate age, and improve the quality of lambs.

No matter what method of mating is adopted, we should pay attention to keeping a good record of each ewe's mating, and write down the mating date of the sheep in order to calculate its expected birth date. In general, the pregnancy period of sheep is about 150 days, and some of them will be advanced and delayed. If the ewe is not bred in a period of estrus, it will usually come into estrus again in about 17 days.

Pregnancy management in order to ensure that the whole flock of ewes are bred and bred, special attention should be paid to feeding high-quality green feed, concentrate feed and carrots containing multi-vitamins to the breeding ram during the ewe estrus season. Attention should be paid to the feeding and management of pregnant ewes to prevent ewes from miscarriage. When grazing, walk steadily, drive slowly, do not chase, do not fight, do not frighten, do not jump trenches, do not take ice-skating roads, do not drink ice-ballast water, do not crowd in and out of circles, and prevent miscarriages caused by various factors.

The expected delivery period should be estimated according to the ewe breeding period, and the delivery period can be judged according to some symptoms of the parturient ewe. For example, a few days before giving birth, ewes will have vaginal swelling and flushing, sometimes thick mucus, ewes uneasy, sometimes looking back on their abdomen, often lying on the ground against the wall, sometimes ploughing or straightening their arms and legs, sinking armpits, and so on.

According to the situation, the ewes should be left at home for delivery a few days in advance, and the ewes should be taken care of in case the lambs are born in the wild or in a large enclosure. A good environment should be created for ewes to give birth, and a clean, dry and warm lambing room should be provided. There are clean bedding grass in the room, the room temperature is not less than 5 ℃. At the same time, lambing equipment and necessary medicines, such as hair, water basin, thermos bottle and iodine, should be provided.

Feeding management

If a flexible grazing method is adopted, first, the sheep should be grazed in groups, and the sheep should be divided into small groups according to age, sex and size, the number of each group varies from 50 to 100, fattening sheep, breeding sheep green grass group grazing, breeding ewes and breeding rams grazing locally. Second, according to the feeding characteristics of sheep, adopt the method of grazing in pieces, that is, after grazing every day, let the sheep graze in the place where they used to graze, wait until the sheep is half full, and then graze in the fresh pasture, and then let go when they see that the sheep are not eating much. Use the "full sky star" method to make the sheep full.

This method of "Mr. ripening later, tightening before loosening, and three satiety a day" combined with two seasons of slow grazing (slow grazing in spring and autumn), three persistence (adhere to herd grazing, early emergence and late return, secondary drinking water) and three stability (grazing, drinking water, steady entry and exit) and four precautions (prevention of running green, prevention of nests, prevention of pests and diseases) are beneficial to fattening sheep and protecting lambs.

Sheep farm is now more use of shepherds to raise sheep, reasonable cooperation with forage, feed, can save herders and increase technical efforts. If the method of combining grazing and supplementary feeding is adopted, in addition to grazing in the green grass period, we should also plant a large number of high-quality forage grasses such as alfalfa, store and silage straw, and strengthen the supplementary feeding of lambs and field sheep.

Ewes should be given reasonable supplementary feeding in the late stage of pregnancy and early lactation, and at the same time do a good job in drinking water, salt supplement and shed sanitation. According to the forage grass and season, ewe condition and coarse concentrate, the feed is generally composed of corn 51%, wheat bran 8%, cake 23%, alfalfa powder 10%, bone meal 3%, salt 2%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 3%. The supplement is generally 0.5-0.7 kg per day, twice in the morning and evening, and an appropriate amount of high-quality forage grass is given. Carefully observe the condition of the ewe before giving birth, be on duty at night and pick up with the birth. After the lamb is born, strengthen the breeding to ensure that the multiple lambs are breast-fed.

High quality forage and formula feed were supplied to lambs from 10 to 14 days after birth, and the feed supplement and quantity varied according to the place of lambs. The amount of feed supplement for most lambs was 50g / d at the age of 2 weeks, 100g / day at the age of 1 month, 200g at the age of 2 ~ 3 months, 250g at the age of 3 ~ 4 months, and 300g at the age of 4 months. The concentrate group consists of 40% corn, 25% cakes, 25% alfalfa forage, 8% wheat bran, 2% bone meal, and the right amount of salt.

Disease prevention and treatment

In addition to routine vaccination, medicine bath is carried out after shearing, and insect nematodes are used to deworming in spring and autumn every year. At the same time, the door of the enclosure in the activity place was disinfected with plant ash, and the abnormal or diseased sheep were isolated and treated in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

It is necessary to inject four-link and five-prevention vaccine in spring and autumn to prevent sheep fast epidemic, lamb dysentery, sudden diarrhea, enterotoxemia and black epidemic. Attenuated sheep pox vaccine is injected once a year to prevent sheep pox. Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine is injected twice a year to prevent foot-and-mouth disease. To use deworming drugs to prevent sheep liver leeches in the Spring and Autumn period, albendazole, nitrochlorophenol, sulfur dichlorophenol and so on can be used.

It is necessary to give the sheep a medicine bath 10-15 days after shearing each year. According to the number of sheep, you can choose to use a pool, a cauldron or a big wooden trough, etc. The medicine used in the medicine bath can choose to prepare 0.025% lindane EC water solution, 0.05% phoxim EC water solution, 0.5% trichlorfon water solution and so on. Medicine bath should pay attention to grasp the concentration; drink enough water before medicine bath, do not put, do not feed; after medicine bath sheep rushed to a ventilated shady place to rest, can not be exposed to the sun, to ensure the safety of sheep.

When grazing in the wild, sheep will be poisoned when they mistakenly eat poisonous grass contaminated by pesticides and rotting in the wild. the symptoms are foaming at mouth, purple at mouth and nose and shortness of breath. At this time should be emergency rescue, first use a knife to pierce the edge of the sheep's ear to make it bleed, or let the sheep's mouth contain a stick, drain the venom through saliva, then pour 5 eggs, and subcutaneously inject atropine 2ml / 5ml.