What harm does schistosomiasis do to the human body? What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis? How to treat it?

Schistosoma japonicum is a parasite that adults parasitize in the blood vessels (portal-mesenteric vein system) of humans and many mammals. The average life span of Schistosoma japonicum in human body is 4.5 years, and the longest is 46 years. So what harm does Schistosoma japonicum do to the human body? What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis? How to treat it?

What is schistosomiasis?

Schistosoma japonicum is also called trematodes. Schistosoma japonicum is parasitic on most vertebrates. The eggs pass through the vein wall into the bladder and are excreted with urine. The larvae develop in the intermediate host snails. The mature larvae enter the terminal body through the skin or mouth. Manson's trematodes are mainly distributed in Africa and northern South America in the veins of large and small intestines. The eggs are excreted in the feces. The larvae enter the snail body and then return to the terminal body through the skin. Schistosoma japonicum is mainly found in Chinese mainland, Japan, Taiwan, the East Indies and the Philippines. In addition to humans, it also attacks other vertebrates, such as livestock and rats.

The intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum-snail

The route of transmission of schistosomiasis

The transmission route of schistosomiasis mainly includes the whole process of eggs entering water, cercariae hatching, invading snails, cercariae escaping from snails and invading host. In each link of schistosomiasis transmission, the pollution of water by feces containing Schistosoma japonicum eggs, the presence of snails and human contact with epidemic water (water containing cercariae) are three important links.

What season is the most likely to be infected with Schistosoma japonicum?

Schistosoma japonicum may be infected all the year round, and it is most likely to be infected from April to October.

The main mode of schistosomiasis infection

First, productive contact with epidemic water, such as fishing, shrimp catching, grazing, flood fighting and emergency treatment, etc.; second, living contact with epidemic water, such as washing clothes in epidemic water; and third, recreational contact with epidemic water, such as swimming, swimming and playing in epidemic water.

The main harm of schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a kind of infectious and parasitic disease caused by human or mammals such as cattle, sheep and pigs, which is seriously harmful to people's health.

Patients with schistosomiasis may not have symptoms in the early stage, or they may have symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool and fatigue, but they generally do not attract people's attention. If they are not examined and treated in time, they will be repeatedly infected for a long time and gradually form chronic advanced schistosomiasis. Children with schistosomiasis affect their growth and development, not tall, mentally retarded, and look like little old men. Women who suffer from schistosomiasis have irregular menstruation, affect fertility, and lack fun in life; if they develop into advanced schistosomiasis, ascites will grow in the abdominal cavity, liver and spleen will be enlarged, showing a belly as big as a drum, skinny, and some will vomit blood. It is really impossible to eat, seriously affect labor production and life, and it is impossible to get rich by labor. The harmfulness of schistosomiasis is the "five lives" that affect life, production, life, growth and fertility.

Symptoms of schistosomiasis

Treatment of schistosomiasis

Active examination and treatment of schistosomiasis. After examination and diagnosis of schistosomiasis, no matter whether they have symptoms or signs, they should be treated in time. At present, the drug used for treatment is called praziquantel, which has low toxicity, good curative effect and convenient use.

Methods and measures for prevention and control of schistosomiasis

① does not come into contact with epidemic water or drink unboiled water in lakes, ponds or canals with snails.

When ② comes into contact with epidemic water due to production, life and flood control, measures such as smearing protective ointment and wearing protective equipment should be taken to prevent schistosomiasis infection.

After contacting epidemic water, ③ should promptly go to local hospitals or schistosomiasis prevention and control institutions for examination and early treatment, and the patients found should be actively treated under the guidance of doctors.

People living in ④ epidemic areas should actively cooperate with local schistosomiasis prevention and control organizations to carry out snail inspection, snail control, disease investigation and treatment, as well as disease inspection and treatment of livestock.

⑤ improving water and toilets, preventing feces from polluting water sources, ensuring the safety of drinking water, and changing unhealthy production and living habits are important measures to prevent the spread of schistosomiasis.

The best way to prevent schistosomiasis is not to come into contact with epidemic water, such as when it is inevitable to come into contact with infected water, the following protective measures can be taken: (1) smear protective equipment (anti-cercariae, anti-cercariae cream, etc.) before contact with infected water; (2) wear long rubber boots, nylon protective trousers, gloves, etc.; (3) after contact with infected water, oral preventive drugs such as artesunate and artemether.