How should bees raised in southern and northern rural areas survive the winter safely? What do you need to pay attention to?

Bees overwintering is what every beehive and beekeeper must face, and how well they do is directly related to the harvest in the coming year. Don't be careless. The following editor will specifically introduce to you: how should bees farmed in rural areas of the south and north survive the winter safely? What do you need to pay attention to?

First, how should bees farmed in rural areas of the south and north survive the winter safely?

1. Outdoor overwintering method (this method is suitable for the south).

If the bee colony overwinters outdoors, the beehive can be packed with straw. There are two kinds of packaging methods: one is single-group packaging. First, a straw curtain is used to surround the front wall, back wall and lid of the beehive, and then a straw curtain is used to surround the lid, the bottom of the box and the walls on both sides, leaving the nest door, and then adding plastic film to cover the rainproof. The second is the method of joint packaging. First lay bricks or stones on the floor, then arrange a row of empty beehives, cover them with a layer of straw 10 centimeters thick, and then put the beehives into groups of 3 to 5 groups, no more than 7 groups at most, and put them on the straw. The gap between each box is filled with straw, and the front, back, left and right and above are surrounded by straw curtains, and finally covered with plastic film to protect against rain. All nest doors are 10 mm high and 20 mm wide. The outer packing of the beehive should be started when the temperature drops below 0 ℃, and it should be bandaged at one time to prevent rats from getting into and harming bees and cause economic losses.

2. the method of overwintering in the pit (this method is suitable for the north).

After the weather turns cold, that is, in front of the Beginning of Winter, dig the honeybee cellar. When digging the cellar, you should choose places with high terrain, low water level, hard soil and sunny leeward. When the earth freezes, bees can enter the cellar. When entering the cellar, remove the big cover, block the nest door, carry it into the cellar and put it on the bee rack. In the process of management, attention should be paid to heat preservation, light protection and moisture protection. And be quiet. Do not disturb near the colony when spot-checking the colony. Pit temperature changes greatly at the beginning and end of overwintering, so you should check the pit temperature and other conditions frequently (preferably once a day) to prevent bee colony accidents. During the inspection, if the bees make a pyrrolitic sound, the pit temperature is on the low side; if the bees issue a uniform tone, it means that it is appropriate to be neither cold nor hot, and measures to raise and lower the pit temperature should be taken according to the different sounds emitted by the bees to ensure the health of the bees and survive the winter safely.

What do you need to pay attention to?

1. Pay attention to the location of the hive

Generally should be placed in the leeward to the sun in a dry and warm place, so that bees can not be attacked by cold waves and cold air. The beehive should be placed under the eaves 10 cm ~ 15 cm above the ground and facing south, or it can be placed in a dry cave to hide bees for the winter. Because the cave is warm in winter and cool in summer, the entrance and exit of the beehive should face into the cave.

two。 Pay attention to the adjustment of the nest door

The height of the nest door is generally 7 mm and the width is 60 mm ~ 70 mm. Before the arrival of the severe cold, the nest door should be properly shaded to reduce the direct sunlight into the hive and promote the colony to reunite and keep warm. After the beehive is fixed, it can not be moved and moved at will, so as not to disturb the bees and cause the bees in the hive to consume calories because of disturbance.

3. Pay attention to the preparation of winter honey

Check the honey stock in the hive carefully before winter. although bees are semi-dormant during the overwintering period, hunger is still one of the causes of honeybee death in winter. To ensure that bees have enough food to survive the winter, each box should be equipped with 1.5 kg ~ 2.5 kg of honey. if the honey is insufficient, one part of cooked honey and 4 parts of sugar can be mixed and kneaded into medicine pills to feed the spleen, so that spring senescence will not occur. When adding honey spleen, it is best to do it at noon on a sunny day.

4. Pay attention to merging weak groups

Usually when the queen stops laying eggs, the eliminated old queen bee is removed and its bees and spleen are merged into other colonies.

5. Pay attention to the coverage. Heat preservation

According to the principle of "the weak group is thick, the group is thin", the beehive is covered with 3-5 layers of thick paper or straw curtains. The Winter Solstice later covered the top of the hive with sacks, but must leave the hive door in front of the hive.

Third, there are ten precautions for bees to survive the winter:

1. Heat protection. The suitable temperature for bees to overwintering is-2-8 ℃. At this time, the bees unite in the hive and live on honey, in a dormant state. However, during the whole overwintering period, there are more days when the temperature is above 8 ℃, the honeybee activity is large, the feed consumption is high, the worker bees age quickly, and it is not easy to propagate in spring, so the production period will be postponed. The method of heat protection can be ventilated, sprinkled, or cooled by an electric fan.

2. Guard against cold. Overwintering bees also increase their activity at temperatures below-2 ℃. It is mainly to increase food intake, constantly swing the abdomen, rely on activities to produce heat energy, to resist the cold. This not only consumes a lot of feed, but also shortens the life span of worker bees. The way to prevent the cold is: small bees should bask in the sun more during the day, close the table door as small as possible at night, and fill the cracks and holes in the box.

3. Prevent dryness. In the dry winter when there is no snow and rain for a long time, it is necessary to prevent bees from being thirsty and dry, spray water properly and increase humidity in the beehive to prevent bees from being thirsty.

4. Moistureproof. In winter, the best humidity in the beehive is 70% Mel 80%. More than 80% of the feed is prone to thinning and deterioration, and bees are easy to suffer from belly disease and diarrhea after eating. If the humidity is high, a layer of plastic film should be placed under the hive, or quicklime and dry slag should be scattered around the hive. In the sunny weather of more than 10 ℃, bees can be excreted and fly in a planned way.

5. Prevent boredom. Bees can't do without fresh air in the box all the time. It is necessary to prevent corpses and sundries from blocking the nest door and suffocating the colony. On a snowy day, it is even more important to prevent snow from closing the nest door.

6. Disease prevention. Beehives should be kept clean and sanitary, pay attention to disinfection. In winter, rats eat boxes and eat bees to destroy the spleen. If rats are found in the beehive, poison bait and equipment should be used to kill them.

7. Shockproof. Bees like to be quiet and afraid of vibration. Especially in the late overwintering period, the physique of bees is very weak, the accumulation of feces in the abdomen is unbearable, and if they are shocked, they often freeze their spleen and die. Therefore, it is forbidden to knock on loud instruments and set off firecrackers in the beehive.

8. Prevent hunger. Whether the feed for the whole overwintering period is of high quality and sufficient quantity is the basis for the success or failure of overwintering. Most of the high-quality feed bees are digested after eating, and the bees are quiet and stable, have a long life span, multiply rapidly in spring and do not decay in spring. Low-quality feed bees eat less digestion, leaving more dregs, feces can not accommodate in the intestines, easy to form belly disease, dysentery is serious, the light part of the disease died, the heavy group died. High-quality feed should be extracted at the end of autumn when capping honey spleen. For example, after the flow of honey, high-quality syrup should be fed early to allow bees to brew fully.

9. Protect against sunlight. Honeybees have phototaxis. If the beehive is outdoors in winter, it should be covered to avoid light and minimize the flying of bees.

10. Prevent feed crystallization. Bees have no teeth, and bees cannot eat fodder crystals. Methods to prevent crystallization: one is to use high-quality honey as feed, such as locust nectar and jujube nectar, and the other is to use white sugar solution as feed. Sprinkle water when the beehive is too dry, maintain a suitable humidity, and the position of the beehive can not be moved at will.