Is the Pastoral Guardian frog a toad? How much half a kilo? Which documents need to be dealt with in artificial breeding?

Frog is a common protected animal in China, which is called farmland guard because it can prey on a large number of pests in the field, but as people hunt and kill wantonly, the number decreases gradually, is the frog a toad? How much half a kilo? Which documents need to be dealt with in artificial breeding?

Frogs are not toads, and there are differences between them both in size and in young eggs:

The difference between toads and frogs

1. Compare skin and body color

Frogs have two longitudinal folds from the back of their eyes to the base of their hind legs, which are golden yellow or light brown. There is a light vertical pattern in the center. There are a lot of black markings on the hind legs. The frog's back is brown or yellowish green and its ventral side is white. The toad has rough skin and verrucous protrusions of different sizes all over the body. Dark brown on the back and milky yellow on the ventral side.

2. Observe the venomous gland

Toads have abundant venomous glands, which are divided into skin glands and retroauricular glands. Skin glands are distributed on the back of the body, where the epidermis thickens into "warts". The retroauricular gland is above the tympanic membrane of the head. Be careful to pierce the retroauricular gland with a needle, and the milky and toxic serous will flow out. Frogs have no poisonous glands.

3. Observe the vocal sac

The male frog has a pair of vocal sacs at the back of the mouth quarrel. when making a sound, the gas in the mouth is pressed into the vocal sac, making it enlarge into a ball, while the female frog has no vocal sac. Toads have no vocal sac either male or female.

4. Compare teeth and tongue

There is a row of small maxillary teeth at the edge of the frog's maxilla, and there are also two rows of verrucous protuberances on the top of the oral cavity called plough teeth. The toad has no teeth in its upper and lower jaw. Pull out the frog's tongue, the tip of its tongue is bifurcated, while the toad's tongue is unforked.

5. Observe the connection between ureter and cloaca.

The frog's two ureters were connected to the cloaca and there were two openings in the cloacal wall, while the toad's two ureters were first merged into a total ureter, and then entered the cloaca and there was only one opening in the cloacal wall.

6. Observe the connection between fallopian tube and cloaca.

The two fallopian tubes of the frog are also connected to the cloaca, while the toad merges first and then communicates with the cloaca.

7. Compare shoulder straps

The two upper black beak bones of frogs are closely parallel but do not overlap and cannot be staggered, which is called chest-fixing shoulder straps, while the upper black beak bones on both sides of toads overlap each other and can be staggered, which is called arc-chest shoulder straps. In front of the inner end of the frog's clavicle, there is a rod-shaped shoulder sternum and half round cartilage in front of the shoulder sternum, which is the upper sternum. And toads don't have these two bones.

8. Compare the vertebrae

The frog's first seven vertebrae are cylindrical, the front end is sunken and the back end is protruding, which is called anterior concave type, while the eighth vertebral body is double concave type, while the toad's first eight vertebrae are all anterior concave type.

Toad epidermis is keratinized, so it is more drought-resistant and can move in a dry environment far away from water. Although the body colors of frogs and toads are different, they all play a protective role in different living environments, and vary greatly under the influence of the environment. Toads are far less capable of jumping than frogs, but venomous glands protect them from predators, which are protective organs. The male frog has a pair of vocal sacs and is a vocal resonator. Frog maxillary teeth are the same type of teeth, these teeth have no masticatory function, only to prevent small animals from slipping out of the mouth. The location of teeth, the bifurcation of the tip of the tongue, the type of shoulder straps and vertebrae are all the basis for the classification of tailless amphibians. The difference in the connection between the ureter and fallopian tube and the cloaca of frogs and toads is often a difference that is easy to be ignored in anatomy.

9. Identification of eggs

(1) using a bamboo pole, hook the frog eggs attached to the aquatic plants to the edge of the pool, pick up a ball and put it in a glass bottle for observation.

(2) the frog eggs are surrounded by the ovale membrane to form a separate small sphere, and then gather to form a mass of eggs. The eggs of toads are surrounded by a continuous linear band, in which the eggs are arranged in two rows, and some of them are arranged in three or more rows, which looks like a string of beads.

(3) frogs and toads also have before and after the time of spawning. In Shanghai, for example, toads lay eggs at the end of February, while frogs lay eggs from April to July.

10. Identification of tadpoles

(1) to observe whether the tadpoles swimming in the water are dense or scattered. The former are often the tadpoles of toads, while the latter are mostly tadpoles of frogs.

(2) pick up the tadpoles with a fishing net and observe them in a glass bottle or on the palm of your hand. The tadpoles with lighter color, slightly round body, long tail and mouth at the front of the head are frog tadpoles. The tadpoles with black body, shallow tail, oval shape, short tail and mouth on the ventral front of the head are toad tadpoles.

(3) when the front end of the tadpole's head was observed with a magnifying glass, the arrangement of their horny fine teeth was also different. there were three rows of horny fine teeth under their lower lip, but the upper row of frogs was interrupted, while the three rows of fine teeth of toads continued to open.

(4) most of the tadpoles seen before and after the Qingming Festival are toad tadpoles, while frog tadpoles can not be seen until the middle of May.

The latest price of frogs:

According to market research, the formal price of frogs is 15-20, and the price of spotted tiger babies is about 30. Compared with the north, the south is the main market for wild frogs. The price of wild frogs is very high, ranging from 40 yuan to 50 yuan per kilogram, and the market is very popular.

Certificates to be applied for artificial breeding:

Frogs are second-class protected animals in the country, so there are many processes involved in raising frogs, as follows:

1. Aquaculture certificate: the aquaculture certificate first needs to fill in the aquaculture application form, provide corresponding qualification certification materials to wait for the examination and approval of the Agriculture Bureau, and issue the aquaculture certificate.

2. Business license: a formal farm needs to apply for a business license, and the materials required for the business license include rent contract, copy of property certificate, capital verification report and so on.

3. Tax registration certificate: if farmed frogs need to be sold, farmers also need to apply for tax registration certificate. The tax registration certificate can be applied for within 30 working days after obtaining the business license.

4. Animal epidemic prevention certificate: to set up a breeding farm, the animal epidemic prevention certificate is also very necessary, which is examined and issued by the veterinary administrative department.

5. The license for domestication and breeding of wild animals: the process of handling this license is complicated and is issued by the local provincial forestry department. Generally speaking, farmers need not only a provenance legal source certificate and a provenance unit business license, but also a capital certificate of more than 50,000 yuan.

6. Animal husbandry and veterinary qualification certificate: a frog farm must have a veterinarian. If you do not have professional knowledge, you can choose to hire a professional animal husbandry and veterinarian.