What level of national protected animals is mammal pangolin? What kind of food do you eat? Can I breed it artificially?

I wonder if you still remember the "pangolin bear paw dinner" during the Spring Festival? On New year's Eve on Feb. 15, Rao Moushun, a Weibo blogger, posted a message entitled "other people's New year's Eve Dinner" and distributed a group of photos of bear paws, pangolins and other wild animals to be cooked in the kitchen, which attracted wide attention of netizens. It was later confirmed by the local police that what Rao sent was a download of pictures on the Internet. At present, Rao has been administratively detained for five days for disturbing public order by fabricating facts.

Wild pangolin is a very rare animal, which is distributed in many provinces of our country. Pangolins are killed because of their efficient medicinal value, pangolins are key protected animals in China, and hunting and eating are prohibited, so what level of national protected animals is pangolins? What kind of food do you eat? Can I breed it artificially?

The genus pangolin, a genus of Lepidoptera, consists of 4 species. Terrestrial mammals. The body is long and narrow, the limbs are thick and short, the tail is flat and long, the back is slightly raised, and the body surface is covered with horny scales. The skull is barrel-shaped, the snout tip is long, toothless and the tongue is well developed. Long claws, especially the middle toe claws of the forefoot, are used to dig ant caves. Pangolins live mostly in subtropical deciduous forests. During the day, he often lives in the cave and clogs it with soil. They often go out at night to find food, sleep during the day and go out at night, and curl up into a ball when they meet the enemy.

According to experts, there are eight kinds of pangolins in the world, mainly in China, Malaysia, India and Africa in Asia. The pangolin in Guangxi, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangsu and other places in China is called "Chinese pangolin". According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, pangolin tablets are included in Jueyin and Yangming meridians, which have the effects of promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation, dredging milk, relieving swelling and pain, dispelling wind and dampness, etc., and are traditional Chinese herbal medicines; but at present, only Chinese pangolin tablets are included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, other pangolin tablets are not included, and other pangolin tablets are not suitable for medicine.

How many levels of animal protection is pangolin?

Pangolin is a scaly, small animal. It is also the mammal that suffers the most illegal trade in the world. It is on the verge of extinction. The armored species was once found in much of Asia and Africa, but now the pangolin population has plummeted because of demand for its scales. In East Asia, pangolin scales are considered to be effective, and eating pangolin meat is also seen as a status symbol.

Pangolins are second-class protected animals in China, and hunting, killing and eating are prohibited. Illegal hunting, smuggling or trafficking can be sentenced to more than five years in prison, and the maximum penalty for serious cases is life imprisonment. Pangolins are protected by law in Asia, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora also banned any international trade in pangolins in 2002, but judging from the current distribution of pangolins in China, in order to appeal to people to better protect pangolins, pangolins should be upgraded to first-class protected animals.

What's the use of pangolin scales?

In fact, the reason why many people are interested in pangolins is mainly attracted by the efficacy and medicinal value of pangolins, and pangolin scales are also a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with rich medicinal value.

Pangolin scales belong to traditional Chinese medicine, also known as pangolin, chuanjia, chuanjia, and scales. pangolin scales have a control effect on various diseases after sun-drying and processing. Generally speaking, pangolin scales are used to scrape the body and can drive away rheumatism, but pangolin scales can also be taken internally. After being processed with pangolin scale grinding, it can promote blood circulation, reduce swelling and discharge pus, and lower milk.

Promoting blood circulation and dispersing knots, reducing swelling and relieving pain

Carbuncle swelling at the beginning of hot pain, fall injury, joint swelling, rib pain, hemiplegia, as well as a variety of lymph node enlargement, tumor masses and various cancers can be treated with pangolin.

Hemostatic function

Grind the processed pangolin, dry the bleeding area when used, and quickly spread the pangolin powder evenly on the bleeding site, which can quickly stop the bleeding and can also be used for nosebleed.

Menstrual milk

Pangolin scales can play a role in promoting milk, which can be used for insufficient milk secretion of parturients and non-milk production caused by late environmental factors. You can usually put about ten grams when stewing pig's feet. It can also treat female breast swelling, lobular hyperplasia, and breast duct obstruction and swelling during lactation.

Regulating menstruation

Pangolin scale also has the effect of promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation, which is used to treat women with reduced menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menstrual blackness and so on.

Dispel wind and dehumidification

Pangolin scales on wind-cold-dampness evil blocking meridians, qi and blood stagnation caused by lumbar and leg bone pain, rheumatism arthralgia, flexion and extension difficulties, stroke paralysis, scabies, wind leprosy have a good therapeutic effect.

The living habits of pangolin

1. Eating habits: pangolins mainly feed on termites, as well as ants and their larvae, bees, wasps and other insect larvae. The stomach of an adult pangolin can hold up to 500 grams of termites. According to the observation of scientists, in 250 mu of woodland, as long as there is an adult pangolin, termites will not cause harm to the forest, it can be seen that pangolin plays an important role in protecting forests, dams, maintaining ecological balance, human health and so on.

2. Reproduction: pangolin is a viviparous animal. The time of mating is mainly from April to May. During estrus, male and female cohabit, then separate after mating, and the delivery period is from December to January of the following year. The duration of estrus of male pangolin is about 5-6 months, and the estrus of male is long, and the estrus of male is non-cyclical. The female has 2-5 estrus cycles, the estrous cycle is 12-25 days, and the female is no longer in estrus after conception. Males look for females everywhere during estrus, cohabitation of male and female during estrus, separation after mating, one fetus a year, and three births in 2 years under artificial feeding conditions.

3. Build a hole

① Summer Cave: summer residence is called Xia Dong. It is built on a cool, ventilated hillside to avoid pouring into Rain Water. The tunnel is shorter, about 30 cm, and the structure is relatively simple.

② Winter Cave: winter dwelling is called Winter Cave. It is built in a place with low terrain and a vertical height of more than 4 meters from the ground. The structure of the cave is more complex. The tunnel is curved and shaped like a gourd. At intervals, there is an earth wall piled with earth, which can reach more than 10 meters in length. It also passes through the nests of two or three termites, becoming its winter "granary". At the end of the cave, there is a more spacious concave hole. Covered with soft weeds to keep warm, it is its overwintering "bedroom" and is also used as a "nursery".

Can pangolins be cultured artificially?

Today, the number of pangolins is getting smaller and smaller, and the breeding speed of pangolins is very slow, only one child a year, belonging to the second class of national protected animals, the survival is seriously threatened, in order not to let it extinct, our country has explicitly banned the hunting and killing of pangolins. In order to reverse this situation, pangolins can be cultured artificially, but they cannot be propagated artificially. Now pangolins in farms are small pangolins caught in the wild.

Explore the way of artificial breeding

On the one hand, it is the demand for medicine and food, on the other hand, it is on the verge of extinction; on the one hand, it is the appeal of various wildlife protection agencies; on the other hand, it is the repeated prohibition of hunting and smuggling. In fact, this situation is not limited to a pangolin species. Recently, there is still news of "live wild" on the Internet. Leatherback turtles, hawksbill turtles, tigers, sika deer and other national first-class and second-class protected animals are facing similar situations because of their medicinal value. So, is there a better alternative to correctly handle the relationship between resource conservation and sustainable utilization and promote the coordinated development of wildlife conservation and traditional Chinese medicine? Can pangolin breed artificially?

So far, the breeding and breeding of pangolins is still extremely unsuccessful, according to Hu Chunmei, secretary-general of the Endangered species Fund of the China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation and head of the pangolin conservation project. In the past 150 years, more than 100 zoos or farms around the world have tried, but the vast majority of pangolins die within six months and few live for more than two years. Wu Shibao, a professor at the School of Life Sciences at South China normal University and a member of the pangolin expert group of the species Survival Committee of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), pointed out that artificial cultivation of pangolins is extremely difficult, mainly because pangolins have special habits and are relatively primitive. It is extremely dependent on the natural ecosystem, and the artificial enclosure environment is difficult. They only eat ants and termites, and artificial food is difficult to solve; their body temperature is poor, ranging from 31 ℃ to 35 ℃, much lower than that of other mammals above 37 ℃; it lacks innate immune genes and often dies of disease due to poor management in captivity.

At present, there is the current situation of "artificially cultured pangolin" in many places in our country. However, Wu Shibao said that there are cases of excessive fishing and indiscriminate killing under the guise of breeding, people do not know enough about the habits of pangolins, lack of corresponding theoretical knowledge guidance, domestication methods are difficult to be scientific and reasonable. Wu Shibao said that the relatively mature pangolin culture technology should meet the three indicators of domestication success rate, mother animal pregnancy rate, and fetal survival rate of at least 80%, and the life span of artificial culture should not be less than 10 years. Although his team has made great progress in the artificial breeding of pangolins, Wu Shibao stressed that "the artificial breeding technology of pangolins is still very immature, is still in the research stage, and does not have the possibility of large-scale commercial application."

In order to correctly handle the relationship between resource protection and sustainable utilization, and promote the coordinated development of wildlife protection and traditional Chinese medicine, the State Administration of traditional Chinese Medicine, Forestry Bureau and other five ministries jointly issued a document in 2007, demanding that wild hunting activities be stopped. carry out in-situ habitat protection, establish pangolin nature reserves, and promote the recovery and growth of field resources At the same time, we will continue to explore the way of artificial breeding of pangolins, establish an incentive mechanism of "who invests, who will benefit", and guide enterprises to participate in field resource recovery and artificial reproduction activities; in addition, plans should be made in advance in the study of medicinal substitution of endangered species such as pangolins.

It can be said that pangolins are now on the verge of extinction, which has something to do with us, and each of us should try our best to protect them. Every year, the third Saturday in February is World Pangolin Day, which is launched by the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) to make us aware of the plight of pangolins and to take steps to stop pangolin hunting around the world.