How to raise calla lily? Is it poisonous? What are the reasons for not flowering? (with breeding methods and precautions)

Horseshoe lotus, also known as Cigu flower, water taro, wild taro, mushroom flower, sea taro lily, taro, native to southern Africa, is a perennial bulbous flower of Araceae. What are the breeding methods and matters needing attention of calla lilies?

Calla lilies are native to southern Africa and are perennial bulbous flowers of the Araceae family. Rhizome, leaves basal, heart-shaped arrow-shaped or arrow-shaped, 15-45 cm long, green, long stalked. Total pedicel higher than leaves, fleshy spike Terete. The Buddha's bud is 10-25 cm long, slightly trumpet-shaped, white, yellow and pink. It blossoms twice a year, the first in February-March and the second in August-September. Calla lilies can be potted for viewing, cut flowers do not wither for a long time, but also can be used as medicine.

Culture methods of calla lilies

1. Soil selection of calla lily culture

Calla lilies should be planted in clay pots and purple sand pots with a deep diameter of 30 to 40 centimeters. They like to grow in deep, fertile and loose slightly acidic sandy loam. Rotten leaf soil, vegetable garden soil and fine sand can be mixed into culture soil at 6:3:1.

two。 Fertilization method of calla lily culture

Calla lilies like fertilizer, from long leaves to calla lilies before flowering, thin fertilizer should be applied frequently, applying nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound liquid or granular fertilizer every 10 days or so. When fertilizing, you should be careful not to drop liquid fertilizer on the leaves so as not to cause rot; do not apply nitrogen fertilizer alone to prevent more leaves and less flowers or no flowers. The application of ferrous sulfate can make the leaves bigger, thicker, green, smooth and glossy, and the petiole is not easy to grow, so as to ensure the beauty of the leaves, promote the formation of buds and prolong the flowering period. The specific method is to dilute ferrous sulfate into a 7% solution and pour it once every one month, each time thoroughly.

3. Watering method of calla lotus culture

Calla lilies like to be moist, and should be often watered after long leaves from the Mid-Autumn Festival to the following spring. It is better to keep the basin soil moist and not waterlogged, and often spray water on the leaf surface and nearby ground to increase air humidity and facilitate its growth. However, no matter spraying water or spraying water, we should avoid spraying water on the flowers and prevent the water from flowing to the center of the leaves, otherwise it will easily lead to leaf soft rot. Spray with water close to room temperature in winter. In late May, the amount of water should be reduced to make it dormant, stop watering after the leaves are yellow, and put calla lilies in a cool and ventilated place where there is no rain.

4. Temperature requirements for calla lilies culture

The suitable temperature for calla lily growth was 15 ~ 25 ℃. When the temperature was below 10 ℃, the flowering stage was delayed, the growth was stagnated below 5 ℃, and 0 ℃ may cause death. In spring, the lowest temperature should be stable at 10 ℃.

5. Light requirements of calla lily culture

Calla lilies are sunny, like long light, and avoid strong light. From the long leaves of the Mid-Autumn Festival to the flowering in winter and spring, there should be more sunshine, especially after moving into the shed in winter, full light should be given to maintain more than 10 ℃. New Year's Day began to bud before the Spring Festival and reached full flowering in March-April. Lack of light in winter, the florescence is delayed, or only the bud does not blossom, or even the bud gradually turns green and shriveled. Move to a ventilated and cool place in late May. The summer high temperature period is its dormant period, reduce watering and fertilization, and need proper shade when the sun is strong.

6. The pot method of calla lily culture

Pots or turning pots should be carried out from mid-August to mid-September after the Beginning of Autumn, too early, the dormancy period is short, the tillering tubers are not yet full, affecting the growth; if it is too late, the florescence will be postponed and shortened. When putting on the basin, it is appropriate to pad a layer of hard plastic foam at the bottom of the basin to enhance air permeability and drainage, prevent rotting roots, and add some bone powder and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to the culture soil. When planting, select the strong and budding tubers, plant 4-5 buds in each pot, and cut off the senescent part of the bulb bottom and the small buds germinated around it. Plant 3-5 plants in each pot, put the buds straight up, and cover the soil a little thicker. Then water it, place it in the shade, wait for the leaf buds to grow, and then move to a sunny place.

7. Matters needing attention in calla lily culture

(1) Calla lilies are afraid of smoking. if they are put in a room cooked and heated by coal fire in winter, they will be smoked for a long time, and a large amount of smoke will cover the leaves, which will cause yellow leaves or fallen flowers. Therefore, attention should be paid to placing flowerpots in places where there is no smoke in the air to prevent them from being smoked.

(2) the dwarfing cultivation of calla can be treated with paclobutrazol to make it dwarf obviously and improve the ornamental value. Usually after entering dormancy in summer, combined with turning pots, changing pots and ramet propagation, paclobutrazol is mixed well with a small amount of fine soil and sprinkled around the plant, with a dosage of 10 grams per pot, depending on the size of the flowerpot. Then water it thoroughly and cultivate it in a moist, shaded and well-ventilated place. At the same time, controlled fertilization, fermented liquid fertilizer once a week from 3 to 4 weeks can be applied.

(3) pay attention to the fact that fertilizer and water can not be poured on the leaves, and rinse with clean water immediately after fertilization to avoid branch and leaf rot. When the branches and leaves are luxuriant, the outer old leaves should be removed to facilitate the extraction of pedicels. The blooming period is from February to April, and the weather is hot after May and begins to wither and yellow. you can stop watering, make it dry on the side of the basin, and promote its dormancy. After all the leaves are withered and yellow, take out the tubers to dry, store and plant them in autumn.

(4) if the temperature is about 5 ℃ in winter, watering should not be too much, in order to keep the basin soil moist. If the temperature is above 10 ℃, the basin soil can be moist. Colorful calla lilies arranged indoors should be sprayed regularly on and around their leaves throughout the growing season to increase air humidity.

8. Prevention of diseases and insect pests in calla lotus culture

Calla lilies are prone to mosaic disease during their growth. When the disease occurs, there are flowers and leaves or chlorotic dots on the plant leaves, which produce yellow spots along the leaf veins, and the petals form variegated colors; in severe cases, the leaves are curled, deformed, or even withered, and the plants are short, affecting flowering. Horseshoe lotus mosaic disease is caused by cucumber mosaic virus. The virus is transmitted mainly through sap contact and aphids. There are some differences in disease resistance among different varieties. As calla lilies are propagated by split roots, it is easier to spread the virus year after year and aggravate year by year. For prevention and control, virus-free rhizomes should be selected for ramet propagation. When diseased plants are found, they should be removed and burned in time. Other virulent plants of cucumber mosaic virus should also be eliminated to reduce the spread of the disease. Spraying insecticides such as malathion, carbaryl and omethoate to control aphids that spread the virus.

9. Propagation methods of calla lily culture

(1) ramet propagation

After the main flowering stage or dormant period, dig up the tubers of the tufted strong mother plants, and according to the size of the original tubers and the number of bud points, cut a clump into 2-3 clumps, each with 2-3 bud points, which should be planted and managed normally, and can blossom after 3 months.

(2) Molecular sphere propagation

Dig up the dormant tubers and cut off some smaller tubers after the normal ramet. These small tubers need to be cultivated in the open field for 1 or 2 years before they can be used as flowering bulbs.

Matters needing attention in breeding

1. The planting season of calla: calla lilies enter the dormant period from June to July, when the bulbs around mature plants can be removed to raise new potted plants. The most suitable breeding season is from August to September, and the ramet must be propagated in autumn, otherwise it is difficult to blossom or bloom late in that year.

2. Toxicity of calla: the tubers, spawn and fleshy inflorescences of calla are poisonous and contain a lot of calcium oxalate crystals and alkaloids. Accidental ingestion will cause coma and other toxic symptoms.

The reason why calla lilies do not bloom

1. Lack of light

Calla lily plants still grow, but easy to grow but not fat, due to lack of light, leaf photosynthesis is relatively poor, it is difficult to form flower buds, so it is difficult to blossom. It is recommended to move calla lilies to a bright environment with sufficient scattered light for maintenance, of course, to avoid strong light exposure.

2. Overwatering

As the saying goes, wet leaves dry and roots grow. Whether it needs watering in the process of cultivating calla lilies depends on the dryness of the potted soil, not according to the feeling. It is recommended to control the watering times, and be careful not to pour into the central part when watering, so as to avoid root rot, which is conducive to root development and maturity, so that it is possible to blossom.

3. Lack of fertilizer

For the cultivation of calla lilies, it is recommended to apply thin fertilizer frequently and irrigate with thin fertilizer water (usually mixed with granular compound fertilizer or rotten manure, or fermented soybean milk water, milk water, rice water, etc.), especially to increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. common fish scales, bone meal, calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and so on. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on leaves with water to increase the absorption and utilization of plants.

The flower language of calla lilies

The flower language of calla lilies is the love of fraternity, holiness, piety, eternity, elegance, nobility, hope, nobility, purity and purity. Elegant flower appearance, clean flower appearance and pure flower language are the beauty that calla lilies bring to love, and we also have more expectations for love.