What are the cultivation methods and precautions for precious medicinal materials "Dendrobium officinale"? In what season?

Dendrobium candidum is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine, also known as black section grass, Yunnan tin, iron, etc., known as the first of the "nine immortal grass", the following editor will talk about the cultivation methods and matters needing attention of Dendrobium candidum.

Dendrobium candidum is also known as black section grass and Yunnan iron sheet. Belonging to Neoptera, perennial epiphytic herbs of Orchidaceae. Stem erect, Terete, 9-35 cm long, 2-4 mm thick, sepals and petals yellowish green, nearly similar, oblong-lanceolate, ca. 1.8cm long, wide 4~5mm, florescence 3-6 months. Mainly distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places in China. Its stem is used in medicine, which is one of the tonifying drugs for tonifying yin: tonifying stomach and promoting fluid, nourishing yin and clearing heat.

Born on semi-shady rocks in mountains up to 1600 meters above sea level. Mainly distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places in China. Its stem is used in medicine, which is one of the tonifying drugs for tonifying yin: tonifying stomach and promoting fluid, nourishing yin and clearing heat.

Pot culture method

1. For the seed material of potted Dendrobium, 1/3 pebbles with a particle size of 2-3 cm were used at the bottom of the pot, and 2/3 fine crushed bark and crushed stones were used in the upper part.

2. The best season for transplanting Dendrobium into pots is from the Spring Equinox to Qingming Festival, which is the sprouting season, and new buds will grow immediately after planting. Pay attention to the depth, too deep to bury the germination point under the plant material, will affect the germination rate, too shallow root is difficult to moisturize, affect growth, we should pay attention to the season and cultivation techniques

3. Maintenance and management: different environments and methods of domestic Dendrobium. Planted on the balcony or window frame where Rain Water cannot be drenched directly, during this period of spring, because Dendrobium herbs love the sun, it is suitable for direct sunshine; open-air balcony planting should pay attention to heavy rain or too much rainfall, easy to rot roots and seedlings, the upper shed cover for prevention. According to the actual situation, watering is generally 5-7 days, but not too wet or too dry.

4, summer and autumn season: the balcony or window frame without Rain Water is sprayed at 6 am every day, and the open-air balcony is covered with a shade shed to prevent Rain Water or strong sunlight.

5. Spray water once every 7-10 days on the balcony or window frame in winter, suitable for direct sunlight, do not spray water below 5 ℃, fertilize, smash longan shell and litchi shell and put them on the basin surface. Watch out for snails.

Harvest: sprout harvest at the end of spring every year, cut off more than three-year-old stems and branches, leaving buds, so that they can continue to grow.

Field planting method

Land selection and land preparation

According to its growth habits, the cultivation land of Dendrobium candidum should choose the environment of half yin and half yang, the air humidity is more than 80%, the temperature in winter is above 0 ℃, and the artificial controllable environment can also be selected. The tree species should be yellow, pear and camphor trees with thick bark with longitudinal trenches, much water, luxuriant branches and leaves, thick trunks, stone land should also be in cool and humid areas, and there should be moss growth and a small amount of humus on the surface.

Reproduction method

Tissue rapid propagation

The tissue culture seedlings should be refined for 14 to 21 days before cultivation. The specific measures are to move the tissue culture seedlings to the seedling training room so that they can gradually adapt to the natural environment in the open and changing environment. When the leaves of the tissue culture seedlings are dark green, they can be planted in bottles.

Open the bottle cap before coming out of the bottle and let the bottle seedlings be placed in the outdoor air for 2-3 days to adapt to the natural temperature and humidity. Then wash the seedlings, gently take out the seedlings with culture medium and wash them in the basin. The contaminated seedlings and bare-root seedlings or few-root seedlings should be placed separately. Tissue culture seedlings are first washed with tap water, mainly to wash off Agar to avoid Agar mildew causing rotting roots, and then rinse with clean water. When washing seedlings, it is best to grade them synchronously according to their size, advantages and disadvantages, so as to cultivate, manage, improve the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings and make them grow neatly.

Ramet cuttage propagation

One-year-old or two-year-old plants with bright green color, strong germination, developed root system and no diseases and insect pests were selected as seed plants. The withered branches, broken branches, old branches and overlong fibrous roots were cut off, and the clumps were divided into small clumps. 5-7 stems with leaves in each cluster can be planted.

Field management

The main results are as follows: (1) watering-the air humidity of Dendrobium in the later stage of planting should be often watered and moisturized, and a sprayer can be used to water it in the form of spray.

(2) topdressing-Dendrobium growth season should pay attention to topdressing. Mature peanut drum, rapeseed cake, calcium superphosphate and other mixtures can be sprinkled on the roots. In addition, 1000 times Camry bonus and brain platinum can be used for extra-root topdressing.

(3) pruning-before sprouting new buds in spring every year, the withered stems in the clump were cut off combined with the old stems, and the diseased stems, weak stems and diseased roots were removed. After planting for 6-8 years, they were rebranched and propagated according to the growth of the clumps.

Cultivation techniques

Transplanting time

The cultivation time of Dendrobium candidum is generally spring and autumn every year, and spring is better than autumn. In Zhejiang, the best time for cultivation of Dendrobium candidum is from mid-April to late June, when the air temperature is 12: 25 ℃, and the air humidity is high, the survival rate of test-tube plantlets is higher and the growth time is longer, and the second is from mid-September to late October.

Cultivation substrate

The cultivation substrate is the key to high quality and efficient cultivation. The biological characteristics of Dendrobium candidum require that the cultivation substrate has both good water retention and ventilation, and large-scale production requires that the raw materials of the cultivation substrate are easy to obtain and easy to operate. The reported substrates include water moss, gravel, peanut shell, moss, coconut bark, pine bark, sawdust, charcoal and wood blocks, which are mainly used in the production of bark, sawdust, or a mixture of bark, sawdust, gravel and organic fertilizer, in which the bark is crushed into particles below 2~3cm.

Cultivation conditions

The cultivation of Dendrobium candidum should be carried out in the greenhouse, and the construction of the greenhouse should be ventilated, shaded and protected from rain, with insect-proof net, and according to the growth habits of Dendrobium candidum, the natural factors such as light, temperature, humidity and ventilation should be considered. The suitable temperature for the growth of Dendrobium candidum is 15: 30 ℃, which is relatively hot in summer in Zhejiang. It is generally covered with 80% sunshade net to lift the plastic film to facilitate cooling; it is relatively cold in winter and sealed with double-layer plastic film under 30% to 50% sunshade. Dendrobium candidum is required to keep the substrate moist, it is better to keep the air humidity above 80%, but not stagnant water. Sprinkler irrigation or drip irrigation is the best method for watering, and no flushing irrigation is allowed. The amount of water is also different in different regions in different seasons.

Attached cultivation

Dendrobium candidum is an epiphytic plant, which mainly grows on the shady trunk or limestone of some tall trees under natural conditions, so it can also be planted under artificial breeding and cultivation conditions. According to the characteristics of the host, the artificial main planting of Dendrobium candidum can be divided into three forms: tree planting, stone planting and humus soil cultivation.

When planting, broad-leaved tree species with thick bark, high water content, dense crown, herbaceous or waxy leaves and longitudinal furrow bark (such as Phellodendron chinense, pear tree, camphor tree, etc.) can be selected as cultivation appendages, while stone planting chooses rough texture, pine bubbles easy to absorb moisture, and stones with humus soil or moss attached to the surface as planting appendages. When humus soil is cultivated, a tall box with high 15cm is made of brick or stone under a more humid forest, and the humus soil, fine sand and gravel are well mixed and filled into the compartment. After leveling, it can be planted, and a shade with high 100~120cm is built on the side of the box.

When is the planting season of Dendrobium candidum

Because Dendrobium candidum belongs to perennial herbs of Orchidaceae and belongs to aerial or epiphytic type, the growth environment of wild Dendrobium candidum is extremely unique, and its growth environment is strict, which is limited by water in the climatic environment, especially air humidity. In the cultivation of Dendrobium candidum, the most suitable growth is about 70% relative humidity, 60% transmittance in the forest, and the most suitable temperature in the growing season is between 15 and 32 ℃.

The cultivation time of Dendrobium candidum is generally spring and autumn every year. The best time for cultivation of Dendrobium candidum is from mid-April to late June, when the air temperature is 12-25 ℃, and the air humidity is high, the survival rate of test-tube plantlets is higher and the growth time is longer. From mid-September to late December, it is necessary to do a good job of cold resistance and anti-freezing in this period.

Disease prevention and cure

Dendrobium soft rot

It is easy to occur in the environment of high temperature and humidity, and the disease is fast, and when it is serious, the whole plant decays and disintegrates in the form of wet rot.

Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, the control effect of 2000 mg/ kg was the best with 77% Kesha 101 wettable powder, and the control effect reached more than 78% 12 days after spraying. You can also use 80% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 times liquid spray. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management in the shed, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission and reduce the humidity in the shed. If you get sick, you should remove the diseased plant in time, and use broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, such as topzine, carbendazim, Cobo, etc., and then re-use the disinfected substrate to plant.

Black spot of Dendrobium

Damage to the leaves, so that the leaves withered, usually occurred in March to May.

Prevention and treatment: 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution can be sprayed 2 times for 3 times.

Dendrobium anthracnose

Damage to leaves and fleshy stems, the damaged leaves showed brown or black disease spots, which generally occurred from January to May.

Prevention and treatment: 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution or 50% methyl topiramate 1000 times solution can be sprayed 2 times for 3 times.

Snail

Common pests damage young stems, young leaves, buds and young fruits.

Prevention and control methods: it can be controlled by artificial trapping, poison bait or sprinkling lime and tea bran.

Dendrobium phenanthrene shield scale

Parasitic on the edge of plant leaves or on the back of the plant to suck sap, late May is the peak period of hatching.

Control methods: 1000 times of 40% dimethoate EC or 1000 times of 50% malathion can be used to spray and kill insects, or burn the old branches concentrated with Phyllostachys sinensis.

Red spider

Prevention and control methods: it can be controlled by removing weeds in the surrounding environment or spraying 800 and 1000 times low-toxic acaricides, such as 40% dicofol.

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