What are the breeding methods and matters needing attention of "queen of flowers" rose? When is the best time for cutting?

Rose is known as the queen of flowers, also known as "moon red", is evergreen, semi-evergreen low shrubs, flowering all the year round, many friends for rose breeding methods are not special understanding, in the breeding process will always appear some problems. So, what are the rose breeding methods and precautions?

Rose belongs to Rosaceae, it can be used as ornamental plants, but also medicinal. Rose into a large, 4-5 cm in diameter, mostly for double petals also have single petals, petals from inside to outside divergence. Many colors, different colors, aroma, widely used in horticultural cultivation and cut flowers. Rose flower flowering long, more ornamental value, industry also uses rose to extract spices.

Rose breeding methods and precautions

1. Selection of flower pots. When potted roses, it is important to choose the right pot.

First of all, the size of the pot, the size of the flowerpot should be commensurate with the size of the rose plant, avoid small seedlings in large pots, when the plant rootstock grows full of flowerpots, large flowerpots should be replaced in time to meet the growth needs of rootstocks. Generally speaking, the seedlings that have just survived are used in small flower pots of 15 cm, and the seedlings of 1 to 2 years old are used in pots of 18 to 20 cm, and then gradually change to larger flower pots.

The second is the choice of flowerpot material, preferably a breathable clay pot or earthen pot, such as the use of plastic pots, it is best to perforate the bottom of the pot to increase ventilation and water permeability.

2. Selection of basin soil.

Potted roses, due to the limited pot soil, and roses are fertile flowers, so in the choice of pot soil, try to loose ventilation, good drainage, but also to keep water and fertilizer. It is better to keep soil pH slightly acidic or neutral.

Here are a few common rose potting soil recipes:

Recipe 1: Garden soil: Compost: Chaff ash: Vegetable cake =5:3:1:1

Recipe 2: Garden soil: Compost: River sand: Vegetable cake: Bone meal =3:3:2:1:1

Formula 3: coconut health: pearlite: vermiculite: rice husk carbon =5:1:1 and then add a small amount of humic acid seeds and Austrian green 318 fertilizer.

If the planting of roses is relatively small, it is better to buy special soil for rose cultivation directly. Because rose dedicated soil price is more expensive, if planting rose more flower friends, or their own configuration is more cost-effective.

3. Light management of roses.

Rose love sunshine, should ensure not less than 5 hours of light a day, but should avoid excessive direct sunlight, summer noon sunlight is too strong, should give a certain shade. Indoor balcony breeding, should pay attention to open doors and windows, keep air circulation, avoid powdery mildew.

4. Effect of temperature on rose flower.

Rose is more cold-resistant, winter in 5 degrees below will stop growing, in a dormant state, indoor can safely winter. Rose the most suitable temperature is 18-20℃, when the temperature exceeds 25 degrees above, flowering shortened, 30 degrees above the high temperature and humid climate, flowers small, light color, and prone to various diseases and insect pests, so summer should pay attention to cooling and ventilation. If it is in high temperature and dry conditions, it will appear defoliation dormancy.

5. Rose watering method.

Rose watering should be dry and wet moderate, grasp the principle of "not dry, not irrigated, irrigated thoroughly". Too wet soil in pots can cause rotten roots, yellow leaves and even death. Therefore, the frequency of watering should be determined in combination with the water retention of the soil used for potted plants.

6. Fertilization management of roses.

Rose flowering times, the demand for fertilizer is large. In addition to putting enough base fertilizer in the upper basin, before germination in early spring, liquid fertilizer such as decomposed bean cake, dung water, chicken and duck dung, fish viscera, etc. can be used. Apply light liquid fertilizer every 10 days after budding. After summer flowers wither, axillary buds before development, can apply a medium concentration of decomposed liquid fertilizer, in order to promote a large number of autumn flowers.

Rose topdressing should master the principle of "thin fertilizer and frequent application", avoid raw fertilizer and thick fertilizer. In winter, about December, can be buried along the basin edge of the right amount of fish intestines, pay attention not to direct contact with the root, the next spring flowers more.

7. Trim branches and leaves in time.

After the rose flowers wither, the upper part of the branches connected with the residual flowers should be cut off in time to promote early new branches to bloom again. If there are particularly vigorous branches, they should be cut short to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients and affect the growth of other branches.

Summer temperature is too high, rose in a semi-dormant state, at this time should grow too dense branches for pruning, increase ventilation, in case of disease.

8. Timely prevention of pests and diseases.

The main diseases and insect pests of rose flowers include black spot disease, powdery mildew, leaf blight, chafer, thorn moth, etc. For diseases and insect pests, prevention should be given priority to. Bactericide can be sprayed once a week in rainy season from July to August. In winter dormancy stage, drugs can be sprayed appropriately according to circumstances.

Rose cuttage is one of the common propagation methods, which can not only keep the characteristics of rose fine varieties, but also have high propagation coefficient, short production cycle, less investment and quick effect.

Rose cutting methods:

Cuttage propagation can be divided into softwood cuttage, hardwood cuttage, full-day cuttage, bud cuttage.

① Softwood cuttings

It grows best in April ~ May and September ~ October, and it is easy to root and survive when the temperature is 2~5℃. In order to promote rooting, the cut can be dipped in indolebutyric acid powder with a concentration of 500 - 750 ml, and the strong flowering branches of the current year can be selected for cutting. After the flowers are withered, the residual flowers and dead leaves under the flowers are removed. After several days, the branches are supplemented and grow fully. After the leaf nodes are expanded, the branches about 10 cm long with 3 - 4 leaf nodes are cut off in the morning, leaving only the upper two compound leaves, and the rest leaves are cut off together with the leaf bucket. The remaining two compound leaves are best left with only the base two leaflets to reduce transpiration. Soil drainage requirements ventilation is good, soil preparation for the ridge, to be soft, cutting distance requirements do not shade for the principle. The depth is 2/3 of the cuttings, and 1~3 buds are reserved on the ground. After planting, water should be poured thoroughly, and the cuttings should be tightly combined with the soil. After planting, management should be shaded, and plastic film should be used to keep moisture. At night, it should be uncovered for ventilation. The soil should be kept moist, but it should not be too wet, so as to facilitate the soil to have enough air to prevent the wound from being mildewed. About half a month, gradually increase the sunlight exposure time to increase photosynthesis and take root. When new buds grow out, old leaves do not fall off, indicating that cuttings have taken root and survived, you can transplant.

② Hard branch insertion

The soil and soil preparation are the same as those of tender cuttings, and cuttings can be carried out until the leaves of roses enter the dormant period until the next spring before germination. Basically strong branches can be used as cuttings, cut 10 cm long branches with 3~4 leaf buds without leaves, pour water after insertion, use branches or other branches, steel bars, etc. to make bow frame, cover plastic film, breeding place should be sunny, be protected by wind to keep moisture, and pay attention to dry, etc. When the cuttings sprout in the spring of the next year, the plastic film is removed, and when the young leaves grow up and turn green, the lower roots can be transplanted after they grow well.

③ bud

Due to the strong growth force of spring buds, the survival rate of cutting materials is high. When the buds grow to 3~7 cm, they can be gently broken off by hand or cut from the base of the buds with blades. It is best to choose the buds that grow strongly, bud head is full and the base of the main branch is issued. After picking, it can be cut after washing with clean water. The soil for cutting is better than breaking ground. When inserting, use a stick slightly thinner than the bud to poke holes. Insert the bud into the hole for 1/3 of the bud length, so that it is close to the soil. Pour water through it. Cover with plastic film to prevent wind blowing. However, the humidity in the cover should not be too large. Ventilate 1~2 times a day to keep the soil moist. After about half a month, it can take root. After 20 days, remove the plastic film and transplant it.

④ Full sunlight cutting

Full sunlight cutting is in the whole cutting process, do not shade, so that it can be sufficient sunlight irradiation, but because the cuttings do not have roots can not carry out normal water absorption, so that it is difficult to absorb water, in order to make the cuttings normal photosynthesis and life activities, we must supplement water from the leaves, often spray water on the leaves, can make the leaves form a layer of water film, not only can make the cotyledon cells meet the needs of water, but also can reduce the leaf temperature, reduce leaf transpiration, In order to ensure the normal photosynthesis, if there is no spraying device, it can be solved by frequent spraying. In the first week after planting, spray water once every half hour, and spray water 2 hours after a week. Therefore, the seedbed of full-sunshine cuttage is dominated by plain sand. After 3 weeks, it can be transplanted.

Rose's efficacy and role

1. Rose is an ornamental flower with long flowering period and fragrant color. It has indispensable value in landscaping. It can be used for garden arrangement flower beds, flower borders and garden flowers. It can be used to make rose bonsai, cut flowers, flower baskets, bouquets, etc. Rose is the main ornamental flowers in spring, long flowering period, high ornamental value, affordable price, popular everywhere garden favorite. Rose can also extract spices.

2. Rose flowers play a unique role in landscape architecture and beautification of the environment. can be made into continuous flower hedges, flower screens, flower walls and the like, and can be used in places such as organs, schools, residential communities, Urban area squares and the like, not only can air be purified, environment be beautified, but also noise pollution in surrounding areas can be greatly reduced, and greenhouse effect of hot summer cities can be relieved.