How long do farmed cattle usually live? What do you think of age?

Cattle belong to the tribe of cattle, which belongs to the subfamily Bovidae. Herbivorous, some species are domestic animals (including domestic cattle, yellow cattle, buffalo and yaks). The body is stout, and some bulls have a pair of horns. Cattle can help human beings in agricultural production. So how long do farmed cattle usually live? What do you think of age?

How long do farmed cattle usually live?

The survival of animals is affected by a variety of environmental factors, so that they generally can not reach the natural lifespan. For example, the natural lifespan of human beings should be about 160-200 years old, but in fact no one has ever reached this record. The normal life span of mammals is about 8 to 10 times that of their development, which is also related to their body shape, habits and environment.

What do you think of the age of farmed cattle?

The age of a cow can be identified by its appearance, teeth and horn wheels.

According to the appearance identification

The young cow has a short and wide head, flexible eyes, thin eyelids, smooth coat, narrow body, high limbs, higher hindquarters than the forequarters; young cattle have a moderate coat length, moderate thickness, supple and elastic skin, lively and lively movements. The old cattle have abnormal posture, rough skin, rough coat, lack of luster, sunken eye pelvis, dull eyes, many wrinkles and mixed white hairs, dull movement, waist collapse and bow back. the hair color of the buffalo becomes darker and thinner with age.

According to dental identification

A more accurate way to judge the age of cattle is by observing the birth and grinding of the incisors. According to the order of birth, cow teeth can be divided into deciduous teeth and permanent teeth (permanent teeth). There are 10 to 20 deciduous teeth without posterior molars. The number of permanent teeth is 16 to 32. The cow maxilla has no incisors and only horny tooth pads. There are 4 pairs of incisors in the lower jaw, which are called forceps, inner intermediate teeth, outer intermediate teeth and corner teeth from the middle to the outside, and the cattle have no canine teeth.

In general, calves have one pair of deciduous incisors at birth, sometimes three pairs. The last pair of deciduous incisors were born 5-6 days or half a month after birth. At 3-4 months, all the deciduous incisors have grown into a semicircle. From the age of 4-5 months, the tooth surface of the deciduous incisor gradually wears away, and when it is worn to a certain extent, the deciduous incisor begins to fall off and replace the permanent teeth. The age of cattle can be roughly judged by the replacement and wear of incisors.

4-5 months old: full length of deciduous incisors.

6-9 months old: the outer and middle deciduous teeth were worn.

10-12 months old: the whole tongue surface of the crown of deciduous incisor teeth was flattened.

1 year and 2 months: the crown of the inner middle tooth was flattened.

From 1 year 3 months to 1 year 6 months: the deciduous incisor teeth were significantly shorter, the nipple teeth were shaken, and the tongue surfaces of the outer intermediate teeth and nipple corner teeth had been smoothed.

1.5-2 years old: deciduous forceps teeth fall off and permanent teeth are replaced, commonly known as "opposite teeth".

2.5-3 years old: the middle teeth in the breast fall off, replace permanent teeth, and fully developed, commonly known as "four teeth".

3-3.5 years old: deciduous middle teeth fall off and permanent teeth are replaced, commonly known as "six teeth".

4 years and 9 months: all the incisors have been replaced, commonly known as "Qikou". At this time, the outer middle teeth have also been worn out.

5 years old: the leading edge of the corner teeth began to wear out, and the crowns were flattened one after another.

6 years old: the wear surface of corner teeth is enlarged, and the wear of pliers and inner middle teeth is very deep.

7 years old: the enamel on the tongue surface of the forceps teeth is almost completely worn.

8-9 years old: the wear surface of the clamp teeth is nearly square, the tooth star appears, and the grinding surface of the inner and outer middle teeth is nearly square.

10-12 years old: the tooth star appears in the inner middle tooth, the enamel of the corner tooth is ground, and there is a gap between the teeth. The grinding surfaces of the clamp teeth and the inner and outer intermediate teeth are grinding into a round or oval shape.

13-15 years old: all the enamel of the incisor has been ground, and the grinding surface is slightly longer. The distance between the teeth is very large, sparsely separated, and the incisors move and fall off. Generally has been eliminated or died, there is no feeding value.

According to the identification of angular wheel

During pregnancy and lactation, due to excessive nutrition consumption and can not be replenished in time, so insufficient nutrition, so that the horn tissue can not be confiscated and developed, the surface is sunken, forming a ring mark, which is called horn wheel. Each time a cow gives birth, it forms a horn wheel, so the number of horn wheels of the cow is roughly the same as the number of calves. When a cow can give birth to one child a year, its age is about the number of horned wheels plus the age of first birth. Usually, cows give birth for the first time when they are 2.5-3 years old, so the approximate age of the cow can be determined by adding 2.5-3 years of horn wheels.

Horned wheels are rarely seen in bulls and eunuchs, but they often appear under poor feeding conditions. As the cause of the formation of the angular wheel is more complex, the angular wheel can not be distinguished clearly, and its exact number is difficult to calculate, so it can only be used as a reference for age identification.