"four Gentlemen in Flowers" when to plant chrysanthemums? What are the planting techniques? What are the breeding methods and matters needing attention of potted chrysanthemums?

Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten flowers in China, one of the four gentlemen in flowers (plum orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum), alias yellow flower, autumn chrysanthemum, festival flower, nine flowers, etc. When do chrysanthemums grow? What are the planting techniques? What are the cultivation methods and precautions for potted chrysanthemum?

The planting time of chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum has two methods of vegetative propagation and seed propagation, vegetative propagation includes stem insertion, plant division, grafting, layering and tissue culture, etc., usually based on cuttage propagation, it is best to choose chrysanthemum sowing in spring, chrysanthemum cuttage in spring and summer or late autumn after flowering, plant division in late autumn after flowering is appropriate, and chrysanthemum root transplantation before May 15, and chrysanthemum cuttage transplantation before June 16.

Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Chrysanthemum cultivation of the soil requirements are not strict, but direct selection of good drainage, fertile, loose, rich in humus soil growth is good. Clay and low-lying land should not be planted, saline-alkali land should not be planted.

2. Reproductive methods

① Plant division propagation

After picking chrysanthemum in November, the chrysanthemum stems are cut off on the ground, the plants with strong growth and no disease are selected, all the roots are dug out, replanted on a fertile plot, and a layer of soil fertilizer is applied to keep warm and overwinter. From March to April of the next year, the manure soil is removed and watered. From April to May, when the chrysanthemum seedlings grow to 15 cm high, the whole plant is dug out, divided into several plants, and immediately planted in the field. The plant spacing is 40 cm. The holes are dug, and 1-2 seedlings are planted in each hole. After planting, they are compacted and watered. Generally, one mu of old seedlings can be planted in about 15 mu of production field.

② Cutting propagation

4-5 In June or June to August, strong, disease-free new cuttings are selected. take that middle section, cutting into small section of 10- 15cm, treating cuttings with plant hormone, inserting the cuttings into seedbed, row spacing of 20- 25cm, plant spacing of 6- 7cm, compacting and watering, rooting after about 20 days, applying fertilizer once every other month, and transplanting when the seedlings are 20cm high.

③ Transplanting

The ramets were transplanted in April and May, and the cuttings were transplanted in May and June. Choose cloudy day or after rain or sunny evening, in the whole ridge surface, according to the row distance of 40 cm, hole depth of 6 cm, then, with digging seedlings, cuttage seedlings each hole planted 1 plant, divided seedlings each hole planted 1-2 plants. After planting, cover soil and compact, and irrigate root water.

Planting field management

1. Intertillage and weeding

After the chrysanthemum seedlings are transplanted and survive, 4- 5 times of weeding should be carried out before budding. Each time weeding should be shallow not deep, at the same time to carry out soil cultivation, to prevent chrysanthemum seedlings lodging.

2. Topdressing

Chrysanthemum like fertilizer, in addition to applying enough base fertilizer, growth period should also be carried out 3 times topdressing. For the first time, after transplanting, 10-15 kg urea was applied to promote seedlings. The second time is when the plant branches, and the third time is at the bud stage.

3. Picking buds

After chrysanthemum branches, before and after small full, when the seedling height is 25 cm, carry out the first topping, pick the top center 1-2 cm in sunny days, then pick the topping once every half month, stop after summer heat, otherwise the branches are too much, malnutrition, flower head becomes small, but affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemum.

4. Pest control

Chrysanthemum common diseases are root rot, downy mildew, brown spot disease and so on. In rainy season, chrysanthemum leaves wither easily, pull up a look, root rot, and root knot nematode, seriously affecting the growth of chrysanthemum. The control method is to treat chrysanthemum seedlings and planting holes with carbofuran before transplanting, which can be avoided; in addition, if diseased plants are found, they should be removed in time; in rainy season, accumulated water in the field should be removed in time. Other pests and diseases can be dealt with according to conventional methods.

harvesting and processing

It is usually harvested from frost to early winter. The harvest time is 2/3 of the time when the flowers are scattered. Chrysanthemum harvest to choose sunny days, harvest should be processed in time to prevent decay, discoloration.

Each production area has its own processing method.

Cultivation methods and precautions of potted chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum grows at 18~22℃, with the highest temperature of 32℃ and the lowest temperature of 10℃. It is a short-day plant.

Suitable for humus-rich, fertile, loose, good drainage acid to neutral sandy loam. Propagation methods available sowing, cuttage, sub-plant, grafting and other methods.

The seedlings survived by cuttage are put into pots, and the pot soil can be prepared by mixing 5 parts of garden soil, 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 2 parts of manure and 1 part of plant ash, adding a small amount of river sand, bone meal, etc., or 6 parts of rotten leaf soil, 3 parts of sandy loam and 1 part of cake fertilizer residue.

Floor mats are paved with broken tiles to facilitate drainage. When the pot is put on, the small ball chrysanthemum seedlings are planted in the pot. After planting, pour water and place it in a ventilated and sunny place. Watering during the growth period, spring seedling watering appropriate less to promote root growth. Summer is hot, water is poured once a day in the morning and evening, and the amount of water should be sufficient to prevent plants from withering due to lack of water.

If the weather is too dry, spray water on the leaves, but pay attention to avoid accumulated water. Pay attention not to make the pot soil too dry during the autumn budding and flowering period. Water once a day in the morning or afternoon to keep the pot soil moist; fertilize once every 2~3 weeks after the seedlings are potted for half a month, mainly with nitrogen fertilizer, and the ratio of fertilizer to water is 2:8 to promote growth.

After the beginning of autumn, apply decomposed phosphorus and potassium liquid fertilizer once every 7~8 days, or use 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 3 times to promote flower bud differentiation. After flower buds are formed, apply 30% decomposed cake fertilizer water every 5~6 days until flowering. Dry the soil slightly before fertilization, spray a small amount of water with a watering can after fertilization to wash off the leaves stained with fertilizer and avoid yellowing and falling off the leaves.

Summer high temperature and flower bud differentiation should stop fertilization; general big chrysanthemum picking 3 times, the first time in half a month after planting, seedling height 15~20 cm, leaves 6~7 pieces, leaving 3~4 leaves at the base; the second time in the first 3~4 weeks after picking, the top of the new branch will be removed, leaving 2~3 leaves; the third time is 3~4 weeks later, the method is the same as above, that is, commonly known as "fixed head"; wipe buds and thin buds. In order to concentrate the nutrition on the pregnant bud flowering, these new branches and buds should be wiped off in time, leaving only the strong and properly distributed branches needed.

Generally in October, mid-October, when the main bud like pea grain size, pedicel slightly elongated in addition to bud. Selected bud size requirements are basically consistent, flowering can be uniform, neat and beautiful. The ideal flower shape can be achieved only after bud removal for many times.

Chrysanthemum is easy to suffer aphid, red spider, whitefly, longicorn, leaf roller, thorn moth, geometrid, grubs, brown spot, black spot, powdery mildew, root rot, leaf blight, rust and other pests should be timely control