What level of national protected animals is the Tibetan antelope "plateau spirit"? How many are there? Why migrate?

Tibetan antelope, the scientific name Tibetan antelope, is Artiodactyla, Bovidae, Tibetan antelope animals. Inhabit alpine grasslands, meadows and alpine deserts at 3700-5500 meters above sea level, foraging in the morning and evening, and good at running. As a typical representative of the fauna of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Tibetan antelope has inestimable scientific value. What level of national protected animals is the Tibetan antelope? How many are there?

Morphological characteristics of Tibetan antelope

The Tibetan antelope is similar in size to the yellow sheep, but bigger and stronger than the yellow sheep. The body length is 117-146 cm, the tail length is 15-20 cm, the shoulder height is 75-91 cm and the weight is 45-60 kg. The coat of the whole body is very thick and fine, yellowish brown, slightly pink, the abdomen and the inside of the limbs are white, and the leading edge of the face and limbs of the male is black or dark brown.

The head is wide and long, the snout of the male is stout and hairy, the upper lip is broad and thick, and there is no suborbital gland. The nose is swollen and slightly raised, the nasal cavity is broad, hemispherical bulging on both sides, the nose ends are hairy, and the nostrils are large and slightly curved downward. There is also a small pouch in each nostril, which is used to help breathe on the plateau where the air is thin, so as to run fast.

The limbs are strong and symmetrical, and the hooves are flat and pointed on the side. The tail is short and the end is thin. There are two symmetrical sac-like mouse glands in the part of the mouse, which are very developed and can secrete fragrant yellowish-brown secretions.

The female has no horns. Male animals have horns, special horns, more than 20 obvious horizontal edges, slender like whips, black shining, almost vertically upward from the top of the head, only the smooth tip of the horn tilts slightly inward, the length is generally about 60 cm, the longest record is 72.4 cm, very beautiful. Because the two horns are very symmetrical, viewed from the side, they seem to have only one horn, so they are called "unicorns" or "unicorns".

What level of national protected animals is the Tibetan antelope? How many are there?

Due to the perennial environment below zero, the Tibetan antelope is covered with thick fluff and is a first-class protected animal in China. Qiangtang, Hoh Xili, Sanjiangyuan and other nature reserves have been established. Mainly distributed in China's Qiangtang as the center of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (Qinghai, Xizang, Xinjiang), a few in the Ladakh region of India.

As a result of successful conservation actions, the endangered level of Tibetan antelope has also been lowered from "endangered" (EN) to "endangered" (NT). In the 1980s and early 1990s, in order to obtain precious Tibetan antelope wool (used to make expensive Shatush shawls, but cashmere could not be cut or combed, poachers had to kill sheep for skins, which required 3 to 5 sheepskins to make a shawl), nearly frenzied poaching led to a sharp decline in the Tibetan antelope population from nearly 1 million to 65000 to 72500. Since then, the Chinese government's strict conservation measures have restored the Tibetan antelope population to about 100000 to 150000.

Why do Tibetan antelopes migrate?

Tibetan antelope mainly live in Xizang Qiangtang, Xinjiang Aljinshan and Qinghai Sanjiangyuan and Hoh Xili Nature Reserve. The Tibetan antelope mate every December and give birth from the end of June to the first ten days of July the following year, with a pregnancy period of about 200 days. After entering May every year, tens of thousands of Tibetan antelopes from Xizang Qiangtang, Aljinshan in Xinjiang, and the Sanjiangyuan and Hoh Xili reserves in Qinghai go to the hinterland of Hoh Xil at an altitude of 4800 meters to give birth. In August, the mother Tibetan antelope migrates back with the young Tibetan antelope and returns to their habitats. Zhuonai Lake and Sun Lake and other places rich in water and plants, few natural enemies. Abundant food and relatively safe environment are beneficial to the production and growth of Tibetan antelope. The water quality of Zhuonai Lake and Sun Lake contains some special substances, which are beneficial to the survival of Tibetan antelope mother and son. After concentrated lambing, the Tibetan antelope leaves the lambing ground and may return to a population that is not where it used to be. This will facilitate the exchange of genes and increase the genetic diversity of species, thus contributing to the continuation of the Tibetan antelope population.

The original text of the Tibetan antelope's kneeling

This is a story I heard about Xizang. The story happened many years ago, but every time I drive through no man's land in northern Tibet, I can't help thinking of the protagonist of the story-the Tibetan antelope, which condenses its maternal love into a deep kneel.

At that time, shooting and catching wild animals were not punished by law. Even today, the sound of gunfire in Hoh Xil still brings the sound of evil back to the corner where the guards of the nature reserve patrol are difficult to reach. At that time, Tibetan antelope, wild horse, wild donkey, snow chicken, yellow sheep and so on are now rare.

At that time, people who often ran to northern Tibet could always see an old hunter with long hair on his shoulders, a bushy beard and long Tibetan boots moving around the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. The glossy gun hung obliquely on him. The two Tibetan yaks behind him were carrying heavy prey. He was nameless, traveled everywhere, snowed to the north of Tibet, spent the night in the source of rivers, boiled yellow mutton in a big fire when hungry, and boiled yellow mutton in a bowl of ice and snow when he was thirsty. The skins he hunted will naturally sell a sum of money, and in addition to spending part of his own money, he will also spend more on relieving pilgrims on the way. Those Tibetans who kowtow to Lhasa for Hajj are willing to walk a long road full of difficulties and dangers. Every time the old hunter rescued them, he always wished with tears that God would bless them and be safe.

The coexistence of killing and charity in the old hunter prompted him to put down his gun after such a thing happened-it should be said that it was a very lucky day for him. Early in the morning, he came out of the tent and stretched. When he was about to drink a bowl of buttered tea, he suddenly saw a fat Tibetan antelope standing on the grassy slope two steps away. His eyes lit up and brought him to the door. After sleeping all night, he immediately felt a sense of freshness. Without hesitation, he turned back to the tent and brought the spear. He raised the gun and aimed at it. Strangely enough, the fat antelope did not run away, but looked at him with begging eyes. Then he took two steps towards him and knelt with his front legs. At the same time, he saw two lines of long tears streaming out of his eyes. The old hunter's heart softened, and the trigger hand was loosened. There is a popular saying in the Tibetan area: "the birds flying in the sky and the rats running on the ground all understand human nature." At this time, the Tibetan antelope knelt down to him to beg for his life. He was a hunter, and it was reasonable not to be moved by the Tibetan antelope's pity. As soon as his eyes closed, the trigger moved under his fingers, and the gunshot sounded, the Tibetan antelope fell to the ground. After it fell to the ground, it was still in a kneeling position, and the two lines of tears in its eyes were clearly preserved.

On that day, the old hunter did not instantly cut open and skin the hunted Tibetan antelope as in the past. The Tibetan antelope that bowed to him always appeared in front of his eyes. He felt something strange. Why did the Tibetan antelope kneel? It was the only time he had seen it in his decades of hunting, and he couldn't sleep for a long time lying on the floor at night, his hands trembling all the time.

The next day, the old hunter cut open the skin of the Tibetan antelope with uneasiness. His hand was still trembling, his abdominal cavity was open on the blade, he was surprised, and the butcher's knife in his hand fell to the ground with a bang. It turns out that in the womb of the Tibetan antelope, there is a little Tibetan antelope lying quietly. It has taken shape and is naturally dead. At this time, the old hunter understood why the Tibetan antelope was fat and strong, and why it bent down and knelt to him. It was begging the hunter to keep his child's life.

The kneeling of all loving mothers in the world, including animals, is sacred.

The old hunter cut open and stopped halfway.

On that day, without hunting, he dug a hole on the hillside and buried the Tibetan antelope and its unborn child. And his muzzle gun was buried at the same time.

From then on, the old hunter disappeared on the prairie of northern Tibet, and no one knew his whereabouts.