What should pigs pay attention to when making vaccines? How long is the interval? How to avoid the failure of vaccine immunization?

Vaccine refers to the biological products made of all kinds of pathogenic microorganisms for vaccination. It is divided into live vaccine and dead vaccine. What should pigs pay attention to when they are vaccinated? How long is the interval? How to avoid the failure of vaccine immunization?

What should pigs pay attention to when making vaccines?

1. First aid measures when pigs have allergic reactions and severe fever: epinephrine hydrochloride is injected intramuscularly, which has the effects of cardiac pressor and anti-shock, and is the first choice for this situation. Or norepinephrine (intravenous injection of 5% glucose) or dexamethasone (intramuscular injection).

two。 Sows may have miscarriage, for which there are two options: one is to protect the fetus, and the other is to induce labor. This should be chosen according to the specific situation, and do not protect the fetus blindly. Because protect the fetus may be due to fetal death in the belly, and then cause endometritis and other more serious consequences! Progesterone can be selected when protecting the fetus and sodium chloroprostol can be selected when induced labor.

3. The site of intramuscular injection may be swollen, do not panic in this situation, you can wait for the hard swelling to be hot compress with a towel dipped in warm water, and when the swollen part is mature (soften), drain it with a scalpel and wash the wound with hydrogen peroxide and spray iodine tincture to disinfect it.

How long does it take for pigs to be vaccinated?

Breeding pigs are vaccinated against classical swine fever, swine erysipelas, pig lung disease and foot-and-mouth disease in spring and autumn every year. The piglets were immunized intramuscularly or orally with freeze-dried attenuated paratyphoid vaccine at 30 days old, and vaccinated against classical swine fever, erysipelas, lung disease and foot-and-mouth disease after 50 days old.

How can pigs be vaccinated to avoid vaccine failure?

After vaccination, there are mainly the following situations:

1. The interference of maternal antibodies. After most viral and some bacterial virulent infectious swine disease sows are immunized with the same vaccine when the maternal antibody level is high, it will be interfered by maternal antibody. For example, the maternal antibodies against classical swine fever in piglets began to decrease rapidly after 28 days, and the maternal antibodies to porcine blue ear disease lasted for 21 days. The vaccination of piglets within one week after birth would be seriously interfered by maternal antibodies and could not produce the expected immune effect.

two。 The immune operation is not standard. In the process of vaccine immunization, the injection site is not accurate, does not disinfect, the injection depth is not enough, the needle does not choose the length according to the age of the pig, does not change the needle to the end, and even has a flying injection, and the problems such as subcutaneous, intradermal and intramuscular injection are more common, resulting in irregular or unqualified antibody level after immunization, and the vaccine can not play a better protective effect after immunization.

3. Vaccine quality factors. The quality of vaccine directly affects the success or failure of immunity. There are more than 10 kinds of vaccines commonly used in pigs. The preservation, transportation, dilution and use of the vaccine can also lead to deterioration and titer decline of the vaccine, resulting in immune failure.

4. The effect of immunosuppression. Immunosuppression is that under the action of external factors, immune tissues and organs are damaged, the antigen presentation ability of immune cells is blocked and inhibited, and the immune response is incomplete, which can cause epidemic disease under the infection of low pathogenicity and attenuated pathogens. There are many factors causing immunosuppression, such as mycotoxins, heavy metals, radiation, stress factors, nutritional deficiencies, vitamin deficiency, blue ear disease and porcine circovirus disease. At present, immunosuppression is generally recessive in pig herds, and the degree of immunosuppression is different in different pig herds. Pig farms should attach great importance to the phenomenon of immunosuppression and do a good job in prevention and control.

5. Factors of feeding and management. The nutrition is not fully priced, the facilities and equipment are not perfect, the living environment of pigs is poor, the nutrition needed for growth is not satisfied, and the health level of the body can not be guaranteed. Therefore, the antibody level of pigs can not reach the expected level and protection after immunization, which leads to immune failure of pigs and is easy to cause sudden and major animal epidemic.

6. The disease is in the incubation period before vaccination and occurs after immunization.

To prevent immunization failure, we should do a good job in the following aspects:

1. Scientific feeding and management to improve the level of health. Pig farms should focus on self-breeding, full-price feed feeding, programmed immunity, institutionalized disinfection, scientific drug use, health prevention and other scientific feeding and management to improve the health level of pigs.

two。 The combination of immunization and monitoring to avoid blind immunization. Traditional pig farms (households) think that everything will be all right after vaccination, and that they are exclusive to vaccination and sampling monitoring. Immunization and surveillance complement each other. Through monitoring, the first immunization time of piglets can be determined, the immune effect can be evaluated according to the monitoring results, the supplementary immunity time can be established, and surveillance can be used to predict the potential threat of some epidemic diseases. The follow-up and monitoring of pigs in different periods is the basis for the scientific and reasonable formulation of immunization procedures, which can avoid the blindness of immunization and ensure the timeliness of immunization. Scientific monitoring can avoid the interference of maternal antibodies, find the recessive infection of pathogenic microorganisms, avoid the mutual interference between vaccines, and improve the quality of immunity.

3. Avoid immunosuppression and eliminate potential dangers. Immunosuppression is widespread in pigs, and has gradually become an important factor affecting the health of pigs. Immunosuppression is an invisible killer that destroys the immune system, but it can also be avoided and controlled. Use feed produced by regular manufacturers to control feed mildew factors; monitor physical factors such as water source, heavy metal content of feed and radioactive ray pollution; eliminate pathogenic immunosuppressive pigs and herds and control pathogenic immunosuppressive factors; feed full-price feed with different nutritional value according to different ages to improve immunity Strengthen epidemic surveillance, reduce group conversion and other stress, and eliminate the immunosuppression caused by epidemic disease and stress.

4. Ensure the quality and quantity of the vaccine to ensure the immune effect. The poor quality and non-standard operation of the vaccine are the important causes of immune failure. Choose formal enterprise production or government procurement vaccine, use matching dilution and prescribed dilution for vaccine dilution, dilution should be used within the specified time, otherwise can no longer be used. When the vaccine is injected, it is immunized according to the immune dose, injection site and injection mode described in the instruction manual, and the use of antibiotics is stopped for about 5 days before and after immunization to ensure that the bacterial vaccine is not cleared; needles of different specifications are selected according to the size of pigs during vaccination, and leakage immunity is avoided, so as to ensure the quality and effect of vaccine immunization and reduce the occurrence of immune failure.