How is the natural bezoar formed? How much is the price per gram? Attached efficacy, function and taboo

There is a very precious thing on the body of cattle, that is, bezoar, and Goubao and Mabao are known as the three treasures of traditional Chinese medicine, which is a very valuable Chinese herbal medicine, but there are not many natural bezoars in our country, and the price of natural bezoar is also very expensive. how did natural bezoar come into being? How much is the price per gram?

First, how is the natural bezoar formed?

Bezoar alias Choubao, is the cholecystolithiasis of cattle or buffalo. When slaughtering cattle, if bezoar is found to have bile, remove the bezoar, remove the external film and dry it. Natural bezoar is very precious, about 1 million cattle, can grow 3-4 kilograms of bezoar. Most of the intact bezoar are oval, or irregular spherical, triangular vertebra-shaped, and a few are tubular or granular. The bezoar is light, the surface is golden to yellowish brown, delicate and shiny. The cross section is golden or brown, with neatly arranged and stacked concentric annular layers.

Traditional Chinese medicine believes that bezoar, as a gallstone, is formed by the condensation of diseases between the heart and liver and gallbladder of cattle, so it can cure the diseases of heart, liver and gallbladder (Compendium of Materia Medica).

How much is the price of bezoar per gram?

In recent years, the consumption of bezoar is increasing, and the price is rising. The price of bezoar in the market is about 345000 yuan per kilogram, about 345 yuan per gram. There has always been a saying among the people that "one or two bezoars and two taels of gold". Now most of the so-called artificial bezoar is used, which uses cholic acid to imitate bezoar and is made by artificial extraction of bovine bile or pig bile. Its medicinal properties and efficacy are similar to those of natural bezoar.

The latest prices are as follows:

Name

Specifications

Price

Quotation time

Market

Bezoar

Biliary yellow

345000

2018.7.31

Bezoar

Biliary yellow

345000

2018.7.30

Hebei Anguo

Bezoar

Biliary yellow

345000

2018.7.15

Hebei Anguo

Bezoar

Biliary yellow

345000

2018.7.12

Hebei Anguo

Bezoar

Biliary yellow

345000

2018.7.08

Hebei Anguo

Third, the efficacy and function of bezoar and taboos

1. The efficacy and function of natural bezoar.

(1) main ingredients: cholic acid, bilirubin and their calcium salts, cholesterol, ergosterol, palmitic acid, lecithin, vitamin D, and a colorless crystalline component equivalent to C24H11O3N and copper, iron, magnesium, etc.

(2) Pharmacological effects: opening orifices and resolving phlegm, antipyretic and antispasmodic.

(3) indications:

① is used for febrile diseases and children with strong fever, dizziness, convulsions and convulsions. The bezoar clears the heart and cools the liver, which has the effect of stopping spasm and calming the nerves.

② for febrile disease heat into the pericardium, stroke, wind, crazy pain and other phlegm-heat caused by dizziness, shivering, phlegm and other symptoms. This product can clear heart heat, resolve phlegm, enlighten and awaken the mind.

③ is used to treat heat toxin stagnation and depression such as sore throat, ulceration and carbuncle. This product has strong heat-clearing and detoxifying power. For the treatment of sore throat and sores in mouth and tongue, it is often used with Scutellaria baicalensis, realgar and rhubarb, such as Niuhuang jiedu pills; if the throat is swollen and ulcerated, it can blow the throat with pearl, such as Zhuhuang Powder; it can be used to treat carbuncle, cure poison, milk rock, myrrh, etc., to clear away heat and detoxification, activate blood and disperse knot, such as rhinoceros pill.

④ is used for high fever, dysphoria, delirium, seizures and other symptoms. Delirium, convulsions, mostly due to high fever or phlegm-heat blinded by Qingqiao. Bezoar can clear heart heat, eliminate phlegm and turbid phlegm, and has the effect of opening orifices and calming shock. In clinical practice, this product is often mixed with heat-clearing drugs and resuscitation drugs such as Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Shanzhi, musk and so on to make pill powder, which is applied to heat-sheng coma and shock pain.

⑤ is used for swelling and decay of throat and carbuncle of various heat-toxic sores. Bezoar is an important medicine for heat-clearing and detoxification, it can be used for sore throat, sores and carbuncle caused by heat toxin, and some surgical diseases belong to yang syndrome, often with indigo and borneol to treat throat swelling and pain; with honeysuckle, seven-leaf flower, licorice and other sores.

2. Synthetic bezoar

The main results are as follows: (1) character identification: powdery, light pink, fishy gas, bitter taste, no cool feeling.

(2) Clinical application: after many years of clinical and pharmaceutical practice, it is considered that the effect is similar to that of natural bezoar. Animal experiments have the effects of anticonvulsant, antipyretic, antibacterial, expectorant and so on. Clinical preliminary observation Zen is used in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia and other diseases, antipyretic and expectorant effect is relatively positive (the same as natural bezoar), suppurative tonsillitis, but also obvious anti-inflammatory and reduce secretion effect.

3. Taboos on bezoar consumption

Excessive use of bezoar can lead to poisoning, such as increased gastrointestinal activity, diarrhea, increased skeletal muscle activity, tetany, spasm, and inhibition in severe cases. Blood pressure decreased, arrhythmia, red blood cells and hemoglobin decreased, and finally the patient was in a semi-coma or coma, and finally died of respiratory and circulatory failure.

Rescue method:

(1) vomiting and gastric lavage should be taken in the early stage, and then general antidote should be taken.

(2) Central stimulant was given to antagonize the inhibitory effect of central axis.

(3) the decrease of blood pressure can be added to intravenous infusion.

(4) when abdominal pain and diarrhea are serious, oral belladonna tablets or subcutaneous injection of atropine sulfate can be taken. Repeat if necessary.

(5) the taurine contained in bezoar has an exciting effect on the heart and a slight vasodilation effect on blood vessels. In order to prevent the occurrence of "irregular pulse", beforehand intramuscular injection or oral reserpine can be given.

(6) other symptomatic treatment.

(7) 15 grams of tea, 9 grams of Schisandra chinensis, 6 grams of ginseng (fried first), 4.5 grams of licorice, fried in water, 2 ~ 3 doses.

(8) 15 grams of lotus barbata, 6 grams of camphor wood (lower), 9 grams of Magnolia officinalis, 12 grams of Dendrobium, 9 grams of Ophiopogon japonicus, decocted twice with water, combined with decoction, taken twice every 4 hours.

IV. Artificial bezoar

In many famous prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine in China, bezoar plays an irreplaceable role. At present, about 650 kinds of proprietary Chinese medicines in China contain bezoar. For a long time, natural bezoar resources are scarce, which is difficult to meet the needs of clinical drug use. To this end, the State Drug Administration has approved three bezoar substitutes since 1972, namely, artificial bezoar, cultured bezoar and in vitro cultured bezoar.

(1) artificial bezoar

Artificial bezoar is mostly soil yellow or light yellow loose powder, bitter or slightly fishy taste, no cool feeling. Synthetic bezoar is a kind of artificial bezoar substitute prepared according to the main components of natural bezoar, such as bilirubin, cholic acid, cholesterol, inorganic salt and so on. its production process is simple and the price is very cheap. to a certain extent, it meets the drug needs of ordinary people. At present, this bezoar is commonly used in proprietary Chinese medicine in China. However, compared with natural bezoar, there is a certain gap in composition, structure and efficacy.

(2) traditional cultivation of bezoar

The cultivation of bezoar is an artificial method to promote the production of gallstones in cattle, similar to artificially cultured pearls. Traditional breeding cattle need to be inoculated in cattle, and the success rate of high-quality bezoar cultivation is low, so it is difficult to form large-scale production.

(3) Culture of bezoar in vitro.

The cultivation of bezoar in vitro is a synthetic substitute of bezoar which simulates the formation principle of bovine gallstone in an industrial environment.

Whether it is natural bezoar or artificial bezoar, their role is very great, here to remind you that bezoar is not suitable to eat too much, must follow the doctor's guidance.