What is nursery pig? Why is it difficult to raise? How to feed in order to grow healthily?

Nurturing pigs is called the "most difficult pig" in history, so what exactly is nurturing pigs? Why is it difficult to raise? How to feed in order to grow healthily? Don't worry, let's give you a detailed answer.

1. What is pig care?

Conservation pigs, commonly known as weaned piglets, need to be carefully fed because of their rapid growth and high susceptibility to disease.

What is the early isolation and weaning of nursery pigs?

The so-called early weaning is a weaning method in which piglets are completely isolated from sows and other pigs when they are 2-3 weeks after birth and weigh more than 4.5 kilograms.

Third, why is it difficult to raise pigs?

The feeding and management level of weaned piglets is an important link to ensure the benefit of large-scale pig farms, the maternal antibody level of piglets in the conservation stage is relatively low, and the immune level of piglets themselves is relatively low, coupled with varying degrees of stress, such as herding, environment, feed changes and so on. it brings some difficulties to the feeding and management of weaned piglets. In this period, according to the physiological characteristics of piglets, scientific feeding and management techniques should be adopted to ensure the normal growth and development of piglets.

Fourth, how to feed the nursing pigs in order to grow healthily?

1. Transition to group transition

The environmental condition of the delivery room is much better than that of the nursery. After weaning, the piglets are transferred from the delivery room with superior environment to the nursing house with poorer environment. If the transition of the environment is not successful, it is easy to cause Haemophilus parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and influenza after weaning.

The temperature in the delivery room of piglets should reach 25 ℃ in the later stage of lactation. After weaning, the temperature of the nursery should reach 27 ℃ because there is no incubator and the protection of sows, and then it decreases by 1 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ per week until it drops to 22 ℃.

Before switching to the group, you should check whether the insulation equipment, doors and windows of the nursery are intact, and whether the ground is clean and dry.

Disinfect carefully and repeatedly after cleaning, empty column and drying. The acidifier can be added to the water tower to check the effluent of each faucet until clean cold water flows out of the faucet. In this way, we not only check whether the drinking fountain is normal, but also thoroughly clean the bacteria and scale in the drinking water pipe, so as to establish the first line of defense for the health of piglets.

After the piglets are transferred into the house, they can turn on the fan or open the window for ventilation while ensuring the temperature in the house. The window height should be consistent with the fence height of the nursery. The window size can be determined according to the size of the pig and the temperature of the day, so as to avoid the cold wind blowing directly from the piglets. It is not recommended to open the door for ventilation. The convective air blowing through the door will make the cold air pass quickly through the bottom of the leakage board of the nursery fence and make direct physical contact with piglets, which is very easy to cause diarrhea.

The main way to keep warm in the nursery is to increase the temperature of the ground, and the ambient temperature can be 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. Large incubators can also be used to save energy costs.

In order to prevent the stress of piglets caused by environmental changes, the sows should be driven out of the birth bed after weaning. The piglets were still fed in the bed for 7 days and 10 days, and combined with the transition of feed type and feeding mode, the piglets were successfully weaned.

two。 Feeding trough

The nutrition of piglets comes from digestible breast milk before weaning and changes to indigestible solid feed after weaning. When solid feed enters the gastrointestinal tract of piglets, it is easy to damage the intestinal villi and lead to the weakening of intestinal digestion function, affect the digestion and absorption of feed, and cause the occurrence of diarrhoeal disease in serious cases, so the management of weaning transition period should be strengthened.

Feed transition

Before weaning, piglets are mainly breast-fed, supplemented by trough materials. It is not suitable to change the feed when the piglets are just weaned, but continue to feed the open feed so as not to lose fat, and at the same time prevent the occurrence of edema disease in piglets.

A small amount of frequent feeding

When teaching grooves, it is required to feed a small amount of frequently and add grooves 5 or 6 times a day. After weaning, the feeding trough was fed completely, but it was still necessary to supply 5 to 6 times before weaning, supplemented by a small amount of free feed, and then gradually reduce the amount of each feeding and increase the amount of free feeding after 3 days.

It is suggested that the feeding method should last for one week, which is beneficial to protect the spleen and stomach function of piglets and ensure the growth of fattening pigs in the later period. At this time, piglets are prone to diarrhea due to excessive food intake and damage to the function of the spleen and stomach.

Make a good work log

The feed intake and water intake of piglets were recorded, and the feeding scheme was adjusted in time according to the characteristics of different growth stages. Adequate, clean and fresh drinking water should be ensured in the nursery.

A small number of meals

High temperature and humidity in summer, feed preservation time is short and easy to mildew deterioration, should prepare sufficient clean and fresh feed, it is recommended to eat a small number of meals, should be fed 4-5 meals a day.

Keep the trough clean and hygienic

It must be cleaned once a day without leaving feed residue. If the feeding trough is not cleaned, or the design of the trough is unreasonable, it is easy for piglets to eat moldy feed, causing diarrhea, cough, fever and so on.

Provide full-price nutritious diet

Properly increase the dietary energy concentration. Temporary weaning stress will occur after weaning, resulting in loss of appetite, indigestion and so on, which may affect the growth of piglets due to lack of dietary energy intake. Therefore, in order to properly increase the dietary energy concentration, coconut oil and soybean oil can be added to the diet to meet the energy needs of piglets.

Properly reduce the dietary protein level

It can reduce the putrefaction of protein in the intestinal tract and reduce the diseases of digestive tract. In order to eliminate the adverse effect of protein on the whole diet, attention should be paid to reducing the protein level in the diet of early weaned piglets. Plant protein sources can be expanded, concentrated and other treatments to remove or reduce anti-nutritional factors.

Appropriate supplementation of selenium and vitamin E

It can enhance the immunity of piglets, reduce the mortality of weaned piglets, prevent the occurrence of edema disease and liver malnutrition, and reduce the stress of weaning piglets.

3. Prevention of stress

After weaning, piglets will face environmental stress, psychological stress and nutritional stress, which will lead to the decline of piglet health, weakening resistance, weaning diarrhea, slow growth or low fertility rate, so management should be strengthened. avoid stress.

Piglets transferred from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar environment, coupled with the mutual bite caused by weaning and litter will cause environmental stress, while the imperfect thermoregulation function of piglets can easily lead to the decline of resistance. At the same time, due to weaning away from the familiar mother and environment, it will have some negative effects, such as anxiety, looking for its mother and not eating food.

Piglets need to have an adaptive process from eating warm liquid breast milk to eating solid feed, because breast milk is nutritionally comprehensive and easy to digest, and the temperature is suitable. When breast milk is insufficient before weaning, piglets like to eat feed, but when weaned and leave their mother, due to environmental and psychological stress, coupled with the lack of solid feed nutrition, poor palatability, not easy to digest, piglets may not eat within 1 or 2 days of weaning. When it is too hungry to eat too much, coupled with the imperfect function of the digestive system, it is easy to cause nutritional diarrhea.

To reduce the stress of this process, liquid or congee can be used. Soak the feed in warm water and add some dairy products, antimicrobial peptides, enzyme preparations and glucose to improve the palatability of the feed. as long as the piglets can eat, the feed intake does not decrease and the feed intake increases gradually, the survival rate can certainly be improved.

4. Daily management

Weaned piglets are called "the most difficult pigs" by farmers, at this time, piglets have lost the protection of maternal antibodies, and their autoimmune system has not yet been established, and they are faced with various stresses after weaning, so they are easy to be infected with various respiratory and digestive tract diseases. in order to ensure that the piglets are alive and healthy and to ensure the efficiency of breeding, the daily management of piglets should be strengthened.

Weaned piglets must implement "all in and all out". Under the same nutrition and environmental conditions, the average daily gain, daily feed intake and survival rate of high-bed culture are 51 g, 67 g and 15% higher than those of ground culture. Net bed cultivation can be carried out under certain conditions, which can effectively prevent the occurrence and spread of diarrhoeal disease in piglets.

Weaning piglets can be divided into groups according to the principle of dismantling more than less and strong without weakening. The feeding density should be 0.3-0.4 square meters per piglet and no more than 20 piglets in each column. This can not only reduce the phenomenon of mutual biting and fighting of piglets, but also be easy to manage and promote the growth and development of piglets.

Piglets with low body weight are more sensitive to all kinds of stress and are easy to cause disease outbreaks. Piglets with small body weight can be grouped according to their weaning weight, so as to raise local temperature and feed nutrient concentration. The survival rate of piglets can be increased by adding nutrients such as dairy products, antibacterial skin, enzymes and glucose, and feeding them with liquid feed.

Training piglets "three-point positioning", that is, training piglets to rest in a fixed place, eat food and drink water, and excrete in a fixed range and not in the place where they eat. The method of training is to induce piglets to defecate in the defecation area, to a fixed place to sleep, rest and feed, generally after 3-5 days of training can form a positioning.

5. Disease prevention and control

Piglets after long-distance transportation, get out of the car and drive around, new partners in new houses need to adapt to the new environment and other stress, resulting in poor resistance of piglets, easy to get sick. In order to reduce the loss caused by stress to piglets, it should be prevented in advance.

Prepare medicine in advance

Some anti-stress drugs need to be prepared in advance, such as vitamin C, dexamethasone and epinephrine. The stress of long-distance transportation is too great, so it is necessary to add multi-dimensional anti-stress to the water to replenish the body electrolyte, water and nutrients.

Develop a health care plan

Before the transformation, a comprehensive health care plan should be made according to the epidemic situation of the local epidemic, the type and nature of the epidemic disease and the antibody level of piglets, and the preventive medication should be used in the critical period.

Gradual feeding

Don't worry about feeding on the first day of transfer, which is easy to cause digestive dysfunction. You can gradually feed it the next day. The feed fed within a week had better be basically the same as the original feed, so as to reduce indigestion and diarrhea.

Prevention of diarrhea

Health care can use some heat-clearing, detoxification, anti-viral traditional Chinese medicine such as Banqing granule with antibiotics such as amoxicillin, tilmicosin, enrofloxacin, etc., conditions can be appropriate to add probiotics, promote digestion and absorption, prevent diarrhea.

Reasonable immunity

One week after immunization, the piglets need to be immunized reasonably after the condition is stable, combined with the immune situation of the original pig farm. No matter whether the original pig farm is immune to classical swine fever and pseudorabies, re-immunization is recommended, and other vaccines are immunized with reference to the original vaccine. The herd of deworming pigs is stable and the immunity is over. The whole herd is dewormed and sanitary disinfection is carried out to prevent eggs or worms from infecting other piglets.