What should be paid attention to in meat dog breeding? (prevention and treatment techniques for common diseases of meat-attached dogs)

Meat dog is a kind of omnivorous animal that mainly eats meat, and it is also an important agricultural breeding project. dog meat is not only delicious, but also has high nutritional value and dietotherapy effect. we should pay attention to daily breeding management. the following introduces the meat dog breeding technology and meat dog common disease prevention and control technology.

I. the living habits of meat dogs

1. Dogs have emotional changes, and the changes of dog expressions and joys and sorrows can be undisguised through the changes in various parts of the body. Mastering the emotional changes of dogs is very important for breeding and management.

two。 The sweat gland of the dog is well-developed and the coat is thicker, so the heat tolerance of the dog is poor. The suitable temperature in summer is 15-17 degrees. If the temperature is higher, the body temperature begins to rise. If the relative temperature exceeds 65%, the heat dissipation of the dog is seriously hindered, which is characterized by opening the mouth and stretching the tongue. Rely on saliva to lose heat.

3. Because of less subcutaneous fat, thin skin, thin hair, imperfect temperature regulation and less storage of liver glycogen, puppies are afraid of cold and humidity, so they should pay attention to heat preservation, otherwise they are easy to freeze to death or crush to death.

4. Dogs like fishy food and can eat as much as possible and vegetarian, but dogs are carnivores, and their nature determines that what they like most is animal protein and fat, such as all kinds of meat and fish.

5. The suitable age for dog reproduction is 1.5-2 years old for male dogs and 1-1.5 years old for female dogs. Most dogs have a single estrus in spring and autumn, and the estrus can be divided into proestrus and estrus. During 14-20 days, dogs can get pregnant at one time, and the gestation period is 62 days. More than one baby.

II. Preliminary preparation for meat dog breeding

1. Site preparation: large groups of kennels choose high-lying, dry, flat and slightly sloping sandy land, leeward to the sun, summer shade ventilation, winter all-day warm place. The underground position of the kennel should be low to avoid low-lying and damp. Kennels should face south or southeast, and should be in the downwind of residential areas, more secluded places, sufficient water, good water quality, convenient transportation, easy power supply, and a certain distance from residential areas, traffic roads, livestock and poultry farms, sewage puddles and chemical industry.

two。 Preparation of facilities

There are two types of dogs: high-density captivity and factory intensive cages:

The main results are as follows: (1) the rapid method of high-density captivity is 10 square meters per circle, 10 ~ 12 in each cage. Male and female are raised in separate circles and columns. The advantage is that it is isolated from the outside world, the environment is quiet, it is conducive to epidemic prevention, easy to raise, labor-saving and easy to operate. According to the control, free-range dogs need more than 1200 grams of cooked food per day, while captive dogs need only 800g and 1000 grams because of reduced activities, and the rate of weight gain is 20% to 30% higher than that of free-range dogs, and the rate of weight gain is 20% to 30% higher than that of free-range dogs.

(2) if the factory intensive cage breeding method is raised in large quantities in limited space, the cages made of bamboo, wood and iron can be used to raise dogs. The cage is 100 cm long, 80 cm wide and 80 cm high, one for each cage. If you need to further increase the density, you can raise it in the upper and lower layers. Such advantages are low cost, high density, large capacity, neatness, easy to operate, fresh air, sufficient light, easy to observe, and conducive to uniform feeding and epidemic prevention of dogs. It also benefits consumption, so as to fatten up quickly.

3. Technical preparation: the technique of raising a few or dozens of dogs is relatively simple, but raising meat dogs on a large scale requires strong breeding techniques, so you need to self-study through books, newspapers and magazines. You can also go to the online school "Meat Dog knowledge Lecture" or electronic publication "Dog raising Technology Wen Hui" and other columns to constantly improve and enrich breeding techniques.

4. Feed preparation: meat dog feed mainly includes: corn flour, wheat bran or rice bran, meat or animal viscera and a small amount of bone meal 3%, salt, green feed, can be combined with local resources to choose feed ingredients.

5. Preparation for epidemic prevention: there are many kinds of diseases in dogs, which will cause a large number of morbidity and death. because we should attach great importance to it, we should strengthen breeding and management, improve the hygiene of kennels, strictly carry out disinfection, and strengthen the spread of rats, mosquitoes, flies and other animals. strengthen quarantine and vaccination.

6. Preparation for introduction: before introduction, we should have a comprehensive and multi-faceted understanding of the source of seed supply, master relevant knowledge, go to the principle of purchasing from qualified units with seedling management, adhere to the principle of comparison of quality, price and service, and adhere to the principle of nearby purchase. Control the quality, price and structure of good species of chromium.

III. Management techniques of meat dog breeding

1. Feed should be diversified. Dogs need a lot of nutrients, a simple feed is not balanced, not comprehensive. Therefore, a variety of feed must cooperate with each other in order to meet the needs of the growth and development of meat dogs.

two。 Reasonable preparation of feed. Different preparation methods should be adopted according to different feed. Attention should be paid to washing and cutting roots, tubers and green fodder. Soybeans and feed rich in carbohydrates should be cooked before feeding.

3. "Siding" feeding. Feeding should be fixed in time, quantity, temperature and quality. Regular feeding can make dogs form conditioned reflexes, which is beneficial to improve feed utilization rate. Generally, dogs can be fed twice a day, and puppies can be fed twice a day. Quantitative, that is, according to the dog's age, growth stage to provide a certain amount of feed, not too much or too little, generally fed 80% to 90% full. Fixed temperature is to adjust the temperature of feed and drinking water according to different seasons to make it warm in winter, cool in summer and warm in spring and autumn. Quality is to ensure the quality of feed, rotten food can not be fed.

4. Gradually change the feed. The replacement of feed should be gradually increased or decreased, not all at once, otherwise it is easy to cause indigestion.

5. Pay attention to drinking water. When drinking water, we should pay attention to water quality, water temperature, water quantity and time. Drinking water should be clean and should not contain harmful substances, pathogenic microorganisms and so on. The amount of drinking water varies in different seasons, and the amount of drinking water in summer is the most, generally uninterrupted. The water temperature should be suitable, drinking cold water in summer and warm water in winter, late autumn and early spring. The time to drink water should be chosen after eating.

6. Food utensils should be dedicated. Each or several dogs use one utensil, do not change, and should be cleaned and disinfected after use, usually once a week.

7. Feeding taboos. First, avoid strenuous activities before feeding, second, avoid eating chicken bones, pig bones, fish bones, and third avoid eating squid, octopus, crabs and spicy.

IV. Prevention and treatment of Meat Dog Diseases

1. Stomatitis

(1) the main causes are oral mucous membrane injury caused by ingestion of feed mixed with sharp foreign bodies and uneven wear of teeth, secondary bacterial infection, and some caused by accidental ingestion of irritating substances or high concentrations of irritating drugs. in addition, it is secondary to some diseases or nutritional deficiencies.

(2) Dogs should be careful in eating and chewing slowly, only eat soft and liquid food, salivate, flush in oral mucosa, increase in mouth temperature, refuse oral examination, and exhale smelly. Vesicular inflammation is characterized by vesicles of different sizes of mucosa, ulcerative stomatitis, erosion, ulcer and necrosis of oral mucosa, enlargement and hardness of mandibular lymph nodes.

(3) Prevention and treatment first identify and eliminate the cause, and then rinse the mouth with 1% saline or 2% 3% boric acid, or 2% 3% sodium bicarbonate, or 0.10% potassium permanganate solution, 2 or 3 times a day, after washing, apply iodine glycerin or 1% gentian purple to the ulcer surface once or twice a day. If necessary, multivitamin injection, adjuvant treatment.

two。 Gastroenteritis

The main results are as follows: (1) the cause of the disease is caused by eating feed containing toxin, mildew, moth or poisonous substance, damaging the intestinal mucosa and its deep tissue, some of which are caused by improper feeding, sudden change of feed and stimulation of foreign body in feed. in addition, it is secondary to gastrointestinal catarrh, intestinal obstruction, infectious diseases and parasitic diseases.

(2) Diagnostic points: depressed spirit, reduced appetite or abstinence of appetite, often reduced appetite for drinking, and later dehydrated due to dysentery, resulting in increased appetite for drinking, dry and smelly mouth, dark red mouth, mucus in the initial stage of defecation, and diarrhea when inflammation developed to the large intestine. discharge soft or watery malodorous feces, mixed with undigested feed, blood, mucus or exfoliated necrotic tissue. Severe anal relaxation, defecation incontinence and other phenomena can be seen. With the development of the disease, autologous poisoning and dehydration aggravated, irregular skin temperature, cold ears and nose limbs, conjunctival congestion, sometimes accompanied by anthrax. Some have neurological symptoms such as excitement, cramps or lethargy and die quickly.

(3) Anti-inflammatory and sterilization measures: gentamicin 10,000 units / kg body weight, intramuscular injection twice a day, oral dose doubled. Rehydration and detoxification: glucose saline 30ml / kg body weight, 5% sodium bicarbonate 2ml / kg body weight, intravenous drip. Antiemetic: metoclopramide 1mg / kg body weight, intramuscular injection twice a day. Hemostasis: hemostat, 15mg / kg body weight, intramuscular injection, twice a day, or Vk30.20~0.30 mg, Vk10.10~0.20 mg / kg body weight intramuscular injection, twice a day.

3. Cold

It often occurs in the season of drastic climate changes in early spring and late autumn.

The main results are as follows: (1) the cause is suddenly stimulated by cold, or sudden change in weather, improper feeding and management, and large temperature difference in long-distance transportation areas, rain after sweating and wind blowing.

(2) Diagnostic points: depressed spirit, drooping head and ear, dark red conjunctival congestion, swelling, serous rhinorrhea, sneezing, elevated body temperature, accelerated breathing and decreased appetite. Simple cold, such as timely treatment, can be quickly cured, if not timely treatment, puppies can be secondary to bronchopneumonia.

(3) Prevention and control measures to strengthen feeding management to prevent cold stimulation and secondary infection. Bupleurum injection 1ml / kg body weight, intramuscular injection, twice a day. Penicillin 50000 units / kg body weight, intramuscular injection, twice a day.

4. pneumonia

A large number of common bacteria parasitic in the respiratory tract or non-pathogenic microorganisms in vitro develop and multiply, which can enhance their virulence, cause pulmonary inflammation, or inhale irritating gases and misswallow.

(1) the cause is caused by improper feeding and management, vitamin deficiency, or some diseases.

(2) the key points of diagnosis were obvious systemic symptoms, mental depression, loss of appetite or loss of appetite, flushing or blue-purple conjunctiva, dyspnea, elevated body temperature, sometimes high and sometimes low, relaxation heat type, runny nose, cough, chest auscultation showed twist pronunciation, percussion had small voiced areas.

(3) Prevention and treatment measures to reduce inflammation: commonly used antibiotics and sulfonamides can improve the curative effect. Antitussive and expectorant: ammonium chloride 0.20g / time. 10%-20% phlegm is easy to clean (easy to cough) throat and upper respiratory tract spray, 2-5 ml / time, 2-3 times a day. Bromobenzylcycloethylammonium (must eliminate phlegm), 6: 15 mg / time, 3 times a day. The general cases were treated with drugs for 4 ~ 6 days, and the severe and chronic cases should be used continuously. Stop exudation: promote the absorption of inflammatory exudates, intravenous injection of 10% calcium gluconate, or 10% sodium sodium plus 2ml, 10% sodium salicylate 10ml, 40% urotropine 3ml mixed intravenous injection. Symptomatic treatment: to strengthen the heart and relieve dyspnea, use 5% sodium bicarbonate injection to prevent autologous poisoning.

5. Conjunctivitis

It is the most common eye disease characterized by conjunctival congestion and increased eye secretions.

(1) the etiology is caused by various stimuli, such as foreign body, obstruction of nasolacrimal duct, medicine, trauma and so on, which is called primary conjunctivitis, some of which are secondary to various infectious diseases and parasitic diseases.

(2) Diagnostic points: shyness and tears, conjunctival congestion, eyelid spasm and pain. Early conjunctival flushing, swelling, hyperemia, outflow of water-like secretions, the inner corner of the eye hair became wet, eyes half-closed. With the development of inflammation, eye swelling is obvious, eye secretions change from watery to mucinous or purulent, the upper and lower eyelids stick together, and the corners of the eyes are covered with yellow-white secretions.

(3) Prevention and treatment of primary conjunctivitis: rinse the eyes with 2%-3% boric acid water or normal saline, if the exudate is reduced, use 0.5%-1% zinc sulfate solution, Rivernol solution cold compress. If the pain is severe, use 2% hydrochloric acid to spot your eyes. Suppurative conjunctivitis: after cleaning the affected eyes, apply tetracycline eye ointment, chlortetracycline eye ointment and so on.

6. Otitis of ear canal

There are three kinds of inflammation of ear canal: external otitis media and inner ear inflammation. It is caused by bacterial reproduction in the ear canal or eustachian tube infection.

The main results are as follows: (1) the dirt in the pathogenic ear canal is a good place for bacteria to grow and reproduce, especially in dogs with big ear ptosis, and parasitic diseases (canine ear acariasis) can also be caused.

(2) the dogs suffering from external otitis media and otitis media shake their heads and feel itchy, scratching their ears with hindlimbs, yellowish-brown secretions can be seen in the external auditory canal, smelly and complicated with inner otitis media, the head rotates obviously and turns to the affected side, falls are common, and neurological symptoms can be seen when inflammation invades the brain.

(3) Prevention and treatment of bacterial otitis media can be thoroughly cleaned by dipping gentamicin solution into cotton to thoroughly wash the dirt in the ear canal. Ear drops with ear oil, 2 times a day, or a mixture of neomycin, dexamethasone and lidocaine, 2 times 6 times a day, 3 times a day. Those caused by ear mites can be washed with trichlorfon liquid. Patients with severe infection can be treated with systemic antibiotics.

7. Dystocia

(1) the cause is caused by contraction and weakness, premature rupture of water and uterine hernia (productive dystocia), by uterine twirling, cervical stenosis or vaginal and vaginal stricture (vaginal dystocia), and by fetus (fetal dystocia).

(2) Prevention and treatment measures are difficult to correct fetal position in dog uterus, but decisive measures should be given after finding out the cause. Productive dystocia can be injected intramuscularly with oxytocin 1 unit / kg body weight, once every 20 minutes, usually 2 or 3 times. Caesarean section should be performed for dystocia caused by abnormal birth canal and fetus.

8. Abscess

The main results are as follows: (1) the cause is secondary to local injury, cellulitis and various injuries, and an abscess is formed after infection with suppurative bacteria. In some cases, the injection of irritant drugs (1% calcium chloride, 10% sodium chloride) was mistakenly leaked under the skin, resulting in aseptic subcutaneous abscess.

(2) the main points of diagnosis during the disease period, the affected part swelled, the temperature increased, there was pain, slightly hard, and then gradually increased and softened, with a sense of fluctuation. When the abscess matures, the skin becomes thinner, the local coat falls off, the abscess breaks, and pus flows out. In the process of the formation of the abscess, some can cause systemic symptoms such as elevated body temperature. After the abscess breaks, the body temperature returns to normal.

(3) at the initial stage of prevention and treatment measures, compound lead acetate powder and fish gypsum ointment can be applied, or 0.5% cicaine hydrochloride 20ml / 30ml and penicillin G40 ~ 800000 units can be blocked to promote the regression of inflammation. When the abscess fluctuates, the abscess should be cut and discharged in time, flushing the abscess cavity, gauze drainage or open therapy, and systemic therapy should be carried out with antibiotics if necessary.

9. Food poisoning

(1) Food poisoning caused by eating rotten and deteriorated feed. It contains a large number of staphylococci, salmonella, Clostridium botulinum and so on.

(2) Diagnostic points Staphylotoxin poisoning can cause severe vomiting, abdominal pain, dysentery and acute gastroenteritis. The sick dog has depression, heart failure, normal body temperature or slightly lower body temperature. In severe cases, it causes convulsions, restlessness, dyspnea and severe convulsions.

(3) at the initial stage of prevention and treatment, apomorphine, an emetic, was injected intravenously with a dosage of 0.04 mg / kg body weight. Gastric lavage and fluid replacement should be carried out when necessary, and appropriate symptomatic treatment should be given in time. At the same time, the poisoned dogs were starved and stopped feeding. The poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum can be treated with antitoxin serum in the early stage.

Through the above introduction, we now know the technology of meat dog breeding and the prevention and treatment of common diseases of meat dogs. Dog meat is not only delicious and nutritious, but also has medicinal values such as tonifying the kidney and strengthening yang. With the improvement of people's living standards, meat dog breeding has a broader prospect, and it is a project with important economic benefits.