How should Chinese bee live frame culture be operated? What are the aquaculture techniques?

Chinese bee is an excellent bee species native to China, which has the advantages of disease resistance, anti-mite resistance and easy feeding, especially it has strong adaptability to the climatic conditions in mountainous areas. it has incomparable advantages over western bees in the use of bulk and sporadic honey sources in mountainous areas. So how to operate the living frame culture of Chinese bee? What are the aquaculture techniques?

I. preparation of Chinese beehive

The author has used 10-frame, 14-frame, high-narrow type, Conghua type and other beehives to raise bees. I feel that the high-narrow type is not convenient to use and the honey yield is not high; 10-frame and 14-frame boxes are suitable for raising strong groups with high honey yield; Conghua boxes are also good, especially suitable for the reproduction of small and medium-sized groups. At present, the popularized Chinese bee 10-frame beehive (national standard box) has made some improvements in the heart inch, which I think is more reasonable, not only increasing the amount of honey but also in line with the characteristics of Chinese bee love and grouping; bees who raise Chinese bees might as well color this kind of beehive.

The manufacture of the beehive should pay attention to sealing; do not open the bottom window; the beehive can be dug with a wire saw to dig the front and rear windows, the plank dug back to the original place, and connected with loose-leaf. Nest door to open 5mm or so, it is best to make a mobile nest door, can adjust the size at any time to prevent rats, cockroaches, wax moths (adults of wax borer). The Chinese bee has a weak ability to resist nesting insects (the larvae of wax borer). The gaps at the bottom and around the box should be mended with cow dung, lime and tung oil, so as to clean and prevent the breeding of nesting insects, and wooden strips should be nailed around the box body.

Second, select and cultivate excellent varieties

In order to raise Chinese bees well, we must first make efforts on the breeding of bees. The species of Chinese bee is complex, so it is necessary to select bee species with strong ability of collection and resistance to diseases and insect pests for breeding. Eliminate poor varieties as quickly as possible and carry out optimization. According to my observation for many years, Chinese bees can be roughly divided into four categories in terms of the body color of queen and worker bees:

(1) Red species: the ventral segment of the queen bee has an obvious dark red ring or orange-red ring, commonly known as the king of horsewhip. The worker bees are yellow, while the young bees are light yellow and pale. The red seed king has a very strong birth rate and can maintain a large group; the bee division is weak and mild in temperament; the disadvantage is that the ability of disease resistance and anti-mite is poor, so it can be selected as the material for parental hybridization.

(2) Brown species: the queen bee and the worker bee are brown or brown-yellow, the queen bee gives birth to Xuan Gao, and the ability of colony collection and resistance to diseases and insect pests are very strong. The excellent Brown seed King Code computer Company has obvious levels of the central ventral segment, peaceful behavior, strong spleen protection ability of worker bees, and can quickly calm down when subjected to slight vibration, so it is the preferred breeding material for Chinese bees.

(3) the hemp color species: the queen bee and the worker bee are larger, the ventral segment has obvious wide black ring and the shallow area is reflected into hemp color, the queen bee has a high fecundity rate and the worker bee has strong collecting power.

(4) Black species: the queen bee and the worker bee are black, and most of the black populations with black spots on the abdomen are photophobic, like to group, react strongly to the outside world, and belong to the species with the strongest wild habits. I will eliminate it. The selection and breeding of improved species of Chinese bees is a meticulous and long-term work, which can be selected, focused on cultivation, constantly screened and optimized. By means of hybridization, a large number of high-quality queen bees can be obtained as soon as possible. at the same time, alternating queen bees can be cultivated in non-bee-dividing seasons to weaken the distribution of bees, so as to cultivate larger colonies.

III. Selection and placement of Chinese bee farms

The Chinese bee farm should choose a quiet, leeward, dry place, and be close to a clean water source; the beehive should be supported by wooden piles with a height of not less than 0.5m, and perennially covered with cedar bark to protect the beehive from the sun, so as to avoid the impact of external temperature on the beehive; in summer, we should do a good job of sun protection and put the beehive in a shaded place to build shade.

IV. Management of bee colony

The management of Chinese bees should be adjusted according to the group potential, honey source, climate and other conditions. As long as we grasp the key points, we can achieve a relaxed and happy management effect. I summed up the management of bees into six words: two tight, three loose on both sides, and two less. " The "two tight" is to tighten the hive from late autumn to early spring, making the bee spleen for many days and strengthening the heat preservation and protection ability of the bee colony; during the summer, draw out more to make the nest spleen so that the bee is slightly more than the spleen, so that the bee colony can better protect the spleen and prevent the invasion of honeycomb insects. " "two pines" is from rape to Chinese chestnut florescence, timely build spleen, expand beehive, make bee spleen match, and timely cultivate new king and grouping.

In the flowering period of Sapium sebiferum, we should make use of the characteristics of long flowers and flowing honey, pay close attention to the production of spleen, speed up reproduction, pay close attention to the cultivation of alternate kings, replace Lao Wang and the old inferior nest spleen, and prepare for the safe passage of summer and autumn sweet-scented osmanthus in the beehive. "two little" is usually nothing to open the box, summer and winter as little as possible to open the box, only to observe outside the box and listen to the movements inside the box, so as to judge whether the colony is normal. I have tried horizontal beehives, tall and narrow beehives and standard boxes plus relay boxes to raise strong groups to get honey during the honey flow period, but the yield of single spleen is not as high as that of 5-6 spleen. Keeping the population potential of about 6 spleen, it is easier to control the bee fever, good collection effect and easy management.

Fifth, the skills of Chinese bees to extract honey

Three aspects should be considered when Chinese bees take honey: the first is to ensure the safety of the queen bee and the colony, the second is not to affect the collection work as far as possible, and the third is to maintain the development momentum of the colony and avoid killing the goose that lays the golden eggs.

When I take honey, under normal circumstances, the spleen of the queen bee and the spleen of the larva will not be taken. The time of collecting honey should also be determined according to the flow time of honey source in 1 day (day) and other conditions. For example, in rape, Ziyunying, Qiugui and other honey sources, I try to pick up honey in the evening, which can not only affect the collection of bees less, but also have enough time to tidy up the hive in the evening, and attendance will be more active on the second day.

VI. Disease and pest control of Chinese bees

The most common diseases of Chinese bees are European larval disease, cystic larval disease and bee crawling disease.

European larvae have a lot to do with temperature, so the prevention and control of European larvae should reduce the impact of the outside world on the beehive, so that the hive has a relatively constant temperature and humidity, and usually the spleen is commensurate or slightly more than the spleen. Penicillin syrup can be used to feed bees 1-2 times in early spring, 200000 units per group, to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Once the European larval disease is found, it is necessary to tighten the spleen and feed streptomycin syrup with a dosage of 20,000 to 40,000 units per spleen, which can be cured 3 times.

The cystic larva disease of Chinese bee brought a devastating blow to Chinese bee breeding in 1974. At that time, although the more than 50 groups of Chinese bees I raised were treated with a variety of drugs, most of the colonies declined seriously, and seriously ill colonies often fled; but some colonies showed a strong ability to resist cystic disease. Among them, one brown population only occasionally appeared the symptoms of chronic diseases, and the symptoms disappeared naturally after tightening the spleen, and the population potential of 5-6 spleen (standard frame) was still retained in the flowering stage of Chinese chestnut. After 1975, the cystic larva disease of Chinese honeybee decreased year by year, which shows that the disease-resistant population can survive and develop in the survival of the fittest, so the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties is the main means to reduce the harm of cystic larvae. Hainan Jinbu and narrow-leaf Korean wormwood can be used for drug treatment. Narrow leaf Korean wormwood is relatively easy to obtain, can be used 250 grams of fresh grass frying water to dregs, boiling sugar to feed bees (10 frame bees).

The insect pests of Chinese bees are mainly nest insects and small mites. The ability of Chinese bee to resist honeycomb insects is weak. Under the premise of making a good bee seal, we should pay attention to the proportion of bee spleen or slightly more than the spleen, keep the new spleen all the year round, and eliminate the old and inferior spleen. Clean the bottom of the box on time, destroy the nest insect's habitat, and eliminate the nest frame that has been eaten by the nest worm for many years. The harm of the small mite of the Chinese bee is often ignored by the colleagues who raise the bee. in fact, the small mite of the Chinese bee does great harm to the bee colony. I found that the Chinese bee has a small mite at the beginning of feeding, and the nymph of the Chinese bee is white, the adult mite is yellow and pink, and the meat is more delicate than that of the Italian bee. The flowering period of Chinese chestnut every year is the peak period for the harm of small mites. When a serious nest is opened, several nymph mites can be seen peristaltic inside, and adult mites crawl in and out. At that time, no winged wasps were found to climb out, but due to the parasitism of small mites, the adult wasps are weak and often cause creeping bees. To prevent the harm of small mites, the following work can be done in combination with bee colony management:

(1) the beehive is regularly washed with quicklime water and the inner wall of the barbecue is ignited with straw at least twice a year.

(2) the spleen harmed by small mites can be put forward in combination with tissue mating groups to prevent the spread of small mites. Let it be cut off and recuperate during the summer and winter. It is also beneficial to the reproduction of the colony in the next flowering period.

(3) stake to support the beehive to prevent other hosts of small mites from sneaking into the hive to cause infection.

(4) Drug treatment: in the past, I used to sprinkle wild lime powder at the door of the box and spray spleen with 100 parts of fried water to control mites, but now there are a lot of drugs to control mites, which can be hung in the evening with "mite pounce".

The common adult bee disease of Chinese bee is creeping bee disease. It is necessary to analyze the cause, prescribe the right medicine, and do a good job in prevention and health care.

(1) strengthen the moistureproof work of beehives in spring and late autumn, clean and change beehives in time, and do not disturb beehives temporarily when the cold wave falls.

(2) to ensure that the colony has high quality feed. When there is too much pollen in spring, it is necessary to extract more pollen spleen or depollination to prevent the pathological changes caused by pollen storage for too long; the extracted pollen spleen and removed pollen should be properly preserved.

(3) mannose honey and inferior granulated sugar are not allowed in the overwintering feed, and the feed should be replenished before November 20. Rhubarb, Aristolochia manshuriensis and ginger can be used to feed bees (5 spleen groups) according to the dose of boiled sugar water to prevent the occurrence of honeybee belly disease and dysentery.

(4) for the reptile bee disease caused by sporidium, the bee can be fed with metronidazole and virulent syrup, combined with rice vinegar and sugar water to spray the spleen, the effect is better.