Technology of raising pigs in rural areas: what are the common diseases of pigs? How to prevent and treat it?

I always hear some people say that it is not good to go north to Guangzhou, but it is no better to go home and raise pigs, but they do not realize that raising pigs is also a technical job, and they will lose all their money if they do not understand that pig disease will be lost. What are the common diseases of pigs? How to prevent and treat it?

I. parasitic diseases

1. Porcine ascariasis

Ascaris lumbricoides is a kind of large nematode. The fresh worm is pink and yellowish white, similar to earthworms. Sick pigs do not like to eat, mental malaise, emaciation, anemia, etc., when the disease is serious, there will be accelerated breathing, elevated body temperature, cough, diarrhea and other symptoms. The resistance of adult pigs is strong, and the incidence of piglets at the age of 3 ~ 6 months is the most serious. Ascariasis is the most harmful parasitic disease to the pig industry.

Precautionary measures:

There was one deworming in spring and autumn, one in weaning and 5 months old, and one in sows before pregnancy and delivery. Disinfect it with 3%-5% hot lye or fresh lime every week in summer and every other week in the rest of the season. Pig manure and bedding grass should be transported to places far away from the pigsty for composting and fermentation or digging holes for retting to kill eggs and larvae. Try not to introduce pigs from pig farms with an outbreak of porcine ascariasis, and isolate and check fecal eggs for imported pigs. Improve feeding facilities and equipment to prevent pig manure from polluting drinking water and feed. Provide feed rich in protein, vitamins and minerals.

Treatment measures:

The drugs for the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides are levamisole, albendazole, Kangchongling, ivermectin, avermectin and so on. It should be noted that the dosage of drug mixing should be determined according to the instructions, do not increase the dosage by yourself, add a certain amount of vitamins, make every effort to be uniform, and it is recommended to rotate the use of deworming drugs with different chemical structures.

2. Porcine fine neck cysticercosis

Cysticercus cellulosae is the larva of Taenia solium, which can cause diseases in pigs, cattle, sheep, goats and other livestock. Piglets infected with Cysticercus cellulosae showed symptoms of weakness, emaciation, jaundice, hindered growth and development, or even become stiff pigs, especially seriously infected piglets can suddenly fall to the ground and die. The adult pigs showed dry, dull, weak and emaciated coat.

Precautionary measures:

We can learn from the management of ascariasis to ensure the cleanliness and hygiene of water, feed, pig house environment, personnel, material trough and vehicles, disinfect regularly, and forbid foreigners, cats and dogs to enter and leave the farm at will. As the parasite does great harm to human beings, it needs strict quarantine in the slaughtering process.

Treatment measures:

Praziquantel was used for pigs and praziquantel or niclosamide for dogs. In addition, surgery is also the most effective treatment, through the implementation of surgery, the removal of parasitic in the abdominal cavity of Cysticercus cellulosae, but this method is too technical requirements, not suitable for ordinary farmers.

3. Porcine lung nematode disease

Porcine lung nematode disease, also known as porcine posterior round nematode disease, is a kind of internal parasitic disease caused by bronchitis and bronchopneumonia, which is parasitic in porcine pulmonary bronchi and bronchioles. Earthworm is the intermediate host of the worm. Diseased pigs are emaciated, stunted, rough and glossy, severe patients have difficulty breathing, like pulling bellows to gasp, often become stiff pigs.

Precautionary measures:

Preventing piglets from eating earthworms is an important measure to prevent the disease. Soaking the pig playground with 30% plant ash water can not only kill eggs, but also urge earthworms to climb out and destroy them, remove feces in time, and carry out stacking fermentation treatment. in order to eliminate the eggs and animals in the feces. Regular deworming, piglets for preventive deworming once a month.

Treatment measures:

When it is found that diseased pigs should be dewormed in time, levamisole can be chosen for oral dose of 810g / kg, or intramuscular injection of 5mg / kg, or subcutaneous injection of ivermectin with a dose of 300 μ g / kg. At the same time of deworming, penicillin and streptomycin were used for 3 days to improve and restore pulmonary inflammation.

4. Porcine gastric nematode disease

Porcine gastric nematode disease is caused by snail pharynx stomach worm, six-wing vesicle nematode and other parasitic pigs, and it is also a local epidemic. Piglets are more susceptible to infection than fattening pigs. Sick pigs, especially young pigs, most parasitic, gastric mucosa inflammation, loss of appetite, increased thirst, abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, anemia, acute and chronic gastritis symptoms. Pigs suffer from low spirits, nutritional disorders, hindered development and growth, black defecation or mixed blood color.

Prevention and control measures:

Management of ascariasis, in addition, do not plant poplars near pig sheds and pig farms, so as to prevent beetles from falling to be swallowed by pigs when eating leaves, or swallowing the larval grubs of beetles in the arched ground, and do not allow pigs to go to places with intermediate hosts such as cyclops and beetles to avoid infection.

Treatment measures:

Trichlorfon, 0.1 grams per kilogram body weight. Ivermectin was injected subcutaneously at 0.3 mg / kg body weight. Sodium fluoride is mixed with feed in the proportion of 1%. Levamisole hydrochloride injection, 7.5 mg per kg body weight, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, or levamisole phosphate tablets, 8 mg per kg body weight, mixed or taken orally, once again after 2-4 weeks.

II. Respiratory diseases

1. Mycoplasma suis pneumonia

A respiratory froth infectious disease caused by mycoplasma is mostly a chronic process, the main symptoms are low cough, dyspnea, asthma, body temperature is generally not high. The lesion was characterized by fused bronchopneumonia, with "flesh degeneration" at the anterior edge of the apical lobe, cardiac lobe and septal lobe.

Prevention and control measures:

(1) macrolides (tylosin, tylosin, tilmicosin, Tywanin)

(2) Polyenes (tamoxin)

(3) fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, pefloxacin)

(4) tetracyclines (oxytetracycline hydrochloride)

(5) lincomycin hydrochloride

2. Porcine infectious pleuropneumonia

A highly contagious and fatal respiratory infectious disease of pigs caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Acute and subacute cases are mainly characterized by fibrinous hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia, while chronic cases are mainly characterized by fibrous necrotizing pleuropneumonia. Acute manifestations are elevated body temperature, severe dyspnea, cyanosis in nose, ears, limbs or whole body skin, heart failure, chronic cough, emaciation and so on.

Prevention and control measures:

(1) florfenicol (the most effective drug at present)

(2) cephalosporins (excellent effect of the third and fourth generation)

(3) compound gentamicin

(4) lincomycin

(5) doxycycline hydrochloride

(6) macrolides (tilmicosin)

III. Digestive tract diseases

1. Indigestion

The main symptoms of the disease are loss of appetite, lethargy, slow chewing when eating, red-yellow or yellow-white oral mucosa and enhanced intestinal sound; vomiting or retching often occurs, and severe pigs will have abdominal pain and distension. There was no significant change in general body temperature of diseased pigs. In the diagnosis, it is necessary to integrate a variety of conditions to distinguish dyspepsia mainly from stomach and small intestine or from large intestine. The main difference is that the former has heavy halitosis, thick tongue coating, near abolition of appetite, accompanied by vomiting and constipation, while the latter has soft or watery stool mixed with mucus and obvious intestinal sound.

Precautionary measures:

To prevent this disease, it is necessary to strengthen feeding management, rational allocation of feed, to prevent feeding mildew deterioration and too much rough feed. The pigsty should be clean, dry and ventilated, and keep warm.

Treatment measures:

The basic principle for the treatment of this disease is to remove the cause, improve diet, clear intestines and make yeast. First of all, it is necessary to check whether the feed is deteriorated, and check the daily feeding and management factors, and at the same time change to feed that is easier to digest and nourish at full price to give adequate drinking water. Secondly, drug treatment can choose sodium sulfate or artificial salt to take an appropriate amount of water to clean up the stomach and intestines of diseased pigs and stop the contents from further fermentation. Dosage: the amount of sodium sulfate or artificial salt is 30g to 50g and the amount of water is right. After clearing the intestines, the gastrointestinal function should be adjusted in time. 2-10 yeast tablets can be mixed into the feed twice a day. It can also be treated with traditional Chinese medicine, such as rhubarb powder 3G, gentian powder 1g, artificial salt 10g, mixed once orally, twice a day for 3 days. If the diarrhea of sick pigs is serious, to reduce inflammation and stop diarrhea, you can take dysentery (0.2g / kg) or berberine (0.2g / 0.5g) orally, twice a day. If the sick pig is dehydrated, glucose solution and compound sodium chloride solution should be used to maintain body fluid balance.

2. Intestinal constipation

The main symptoms of the disease are reducing and stopping eating, less dry defecation, mucus, blood or exfoliated mucous membrane on the surface, and cylindrical or beaded dry hard dung balls can be touched by deep abdominal palpation. The body temperature increased in the middle and later stage of the disease, and the seriously sick pigs died. At the same time, the course of disease is longer, intestinal wall necrosis, can be complicated with localized peritonitis. The systemic symptoms of diseased pigs should be considered in the diagnosis.

Precautionary measures:

In order to prevent this disease, it is necessary to strengthen feeding management, reasonably match feed, ensure adequate drinking water and appropriate amount of exercise, and pay attention to the reasonable collocation of green feed rationing and fiber nutrition.

Treatment measures:

To treat this disease, you should first stop feeding or only feed a small amount of green succulent feed and drink a lot of warm water at the same time. Pigs with good initial condition were fed with sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate 30g / 80g, heated water 1000ml, once. And use warm water, 2% baking soda or soapy water, repeated deep enema, combined with abdominal massage, generally effective. In case of severe pain, 30% analgin 10ml can be injected intramuscularly, or sodium chloride 5g 10g can be taken orally. When drug treatment is ineffective, laparotomy, enterotomy or enterectomy should be performed in time.