Culture, maintenance and management methods of potted orchids

Orchids like to be clean. Not resistant to dirt, the growth is particularly exuberant in the semi-shade where it is warm and humid and sunny to the south. Potted orchids should pay more attention to the following points: pot soil selection, watering, temperature and light, fertilization, ramet and pest control. The details are as follows: pot soil requirements for potted orchids: black mountain mud, peat soil, pastoral soil, pine soil, moss fresh, fern roots, bark blocks and so on. The bottom of the basin is covered with tiles, then covered with a layer of broken brick and stone, with a thickness of 1/4 of the depth of the basin to enhance air permeability and drainage, and then spread a layer of culture soil. Plant the orchid, fill the culture soil, and cover the bulb. The soil should be compacted, and the soil should not be filled 2 cm away from Yikou, which is convenient for watering. After planting, pour enough water and place it in a cool shade. Half a month later, it was moved to a sunny and ventilated environment. In order to increase beauty and moisturizing power, the basin can be covered with a layer of small broken white stone. There are four precepts in raising orchids: no spring, no summer, no dry autumn, no wet winter. If the temperature is unstable in spring, it is easy to get cold when you leave the house early. It is safer to check out in early April. Summer should be placed in the shade to avoid direct sunlight and take scattered light to nurture. Autumn is the orchid sprouting period, to maintain the corresponding humidity, avoid drying, orchid root is fleshy, dormant in winter does not need much water, basin soil is wet, do not water too much, so as not to sprout root and leaf diseases. How to water orchids: flower proverb says: dry orchid wet chrysanthemum, this has a certain degree of truth. Generally speaking, it is best for orchids to be eight minutes dry and two parts wet. If it is too wet, it is easy to make the flowers rot and die. The principle of watering should be: dry, wet, stop, properly dry. When mastering specifically, it should be paid attention to: in the growing period (the end of May-June), more watering should be appropriate, less watering should be appropriate in the budding period of leaves (about 3-4 months) and flowering period (about 3-4 months), and less watering or no watering should be done in the dormant period (winter). Those with large flowerpots and small orchid plants should be watered less, and those with small pots should be watered more. Hot and dry climate should be properly watered, cool and humid (such as mildew and rainy season, etc.) should be less or no watering. For orchids newly dug from the mountains, if there are few or more broken roots, they should be watered less to dry the pot soil, so that the roots will not rot and it is conducive to the emergence of new leaves. How to fertilize orchids: fertilizer should not be concentrated: in the growing period. Pour the rotten bean cake water and horseshoe sauce residue water once every semimonthly. The effect is better if an appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added. No fertilizer is applied in hot summer. When the temperature is too high (more than 32 ℃), water is sprayed several times in addition to watering every day. It is suitable to use slightly acidic water. Often spraying the leaves with clean water can not only improve the growth environment of potted orchids, but also keep the leaves clean and reduce the chance of infection of diseases and insect pests. Orchids are propagated by sowing and dividing plants. The seeds of orchids can be sown as they are picked. The orchid has a characteristic that the orchid root must be symbiotic with the orchid in order to survive. Therefore, sowing often sows the seeds on the basin of the mother plant, using the orchid of the mother plant to grow the teeth. The seeds germinate after about half a year, and can be cultured in a small pot after growing in the mother basin for two months. The split-plant method is commonly used at present. Due to the different species and persistence of orchids, famous orchids have their own opinions on when it is best to split. Generally speaking, the more suitable time is the spring when the new buds are not coming out and the autumn when the orchids gradually stop growing. Because it is not easy to damage the new buds at this time, the temperature is relatively peaceful, so it is easy to operate and restore the plant. The summer temperature is high, which is the peak growing season of orchids, while the winter is cold, the resistance of plants is weak, and ramets are mostly disadvantageous. It can also be mastered after the flower blossoms. Generally speaking, the flowering in summer and autumn should be in the early spring, and the flowering in early spring should be in the late autumn. This not only does not affect flowering, but also can stimulate the tillering of leaf buds, green leaves and colorful flowers. When ramet, remove the mother plant from the basin, block the soil, and divide it into several clumps with a knife, each with 3-4 false bulbs and new buds, and pruning to remove withered leaves and rotten roots. If you use the wild orchids bought in the market, most of the roots have been withered. Soak in clean water first, after absorbing enough water, wash and clean the roots, dry until the roots turn white before planting. Orchid pest control: orchids are easy to grow shell insects, which can be sprayed with dichlorvos EC 1000. When whitefly is damaged, it should be sprayed with 2000 times solution of deltamethrin. Langen has a sweet taste and is easy to attract ants, which can be killed by meat bones. Orchids are prone to anthracnose and black spot. After the occurrence of the disease, the burning of the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and the distance between the pot plants should be opened to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. Reduce water spraying and control humidity. And combined with carbendazim for control.