Price living and fertilization of Wild Jian Lan

Jianlan is a subtropical geophytic orchid, mainly produced in provinces and cities south of the Yangtze River. It originates from the average annual temperature of 17: 21 ℃, annual rainfall of more than 1600 mm, elevation of 350-1000 meters, canopy density of 50%-60% along the edge of streams and forests, bamboo forests and shrubby slopes. These places are characterized by tall crowns or clumps of bushes. Thatch as a natural barrier, the surface is covered with a layer of litter, forming a warm, moist, ventilated, cool and fertile ecological environment. During our investigation in Wuyi Mountain, we sampled and analyzed the soil nutrient content: ph 4.4-5, ammonia 0.75%, phosphorus 0.38%, potassium 0.4%, organic matter 16.7%, and the content of humus in organic matter accounted for 50%-90%. The main component of humus is humic acid, which is the main binder to form soil aggregate structure. This kind of aggregate structure plays an important role in fertility. It can increase the soil water retention capacity and absorb water 4 to 6 times its weight. (this kind of mountain mud orchid is used in orchid nursery, and it is usually only watered once or twice a week, even in the hot summer season). In addition, when the humus content in the soil is high, the color of the soil becomes darker, which can improve the heat absorption and heat preservation capacity of the basin soil. The higher the content of organic matter, the more loose the soil, the more able to coordinate the contradiction between soil moisture and air, and the easier it is for orchid symbiotic fungi. The fleshy roots of orchids are hypertrophic, do not have root hairs, and cannot directly absorb nutrients from the soil. In the process of growth, orchids grow luxuriantly every year because of the suitable conditions for orchids and fungi. Most of the fungi that supply orchid nourishment belong to the genus Rhizoctonia of incomplete fungi, and some people call it "orchid". The so-called incomplete fungi are filamentous fungi whose sexual generations are not yet known, which are widely distributed in temperate to tropical forest areas. The hyphae of silk seedlings live widely in the soil, and their secondary hyphae form rhizomal cords, which pass through the soil layer to find hosts. Once they come into contact with the fleshy roots and pseudobulbs of orchids, they stick tightly and penetrate into their inner cells and grow hyphae. The protoplasts of the infected cells were first decomposed and utilized by the hyphae. At the same time, the hyphae of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum gradually thickened and formed mycelial pellets. After that, the nucleus is distorted and decomposed, and most of the mycelium globules formed are swallowed and digested by the lysozyme produced by the cells that hold it. Through this intracellular digestion, the protoplast becomes very dense, the cell volume increases, and irregular distortion occurs. After a period of time, the cells returned to their original state and re-digested the newly invaded hyphae. With the continuous invasion and digestion of hyphae and the periodic changes of digestive cells, orchids get a lot of nutrients from roots and pseudobulbs (the nutrition needed for the growth, development, flowering and fruiting of orchids are satisfied. It is observed that humus has the greatest effect on mycorrhizal formation in soil, while cellulose and essence have little effect. Therefore, in order to make potted orchids grow vigorously and blossom year after year, mountain mud with high humus content should be selected when preparing orchid culture soil. Now there is also the use of peat, sawdust, broken tiles, expanded fossils, vermiculite, perlite, water moss and other materials to grow, and artificial pot substrate. The aerated and permeable porous air chamber in the plant material allows the air to pass through smoothly, and the oxygen needed for orchid growth is satisfied through the pores of these substrates. The orchid culture soil with pores greater than 65% has not only soft soil, good air permeability and water retention, but also good fertilizer retention. If you choose other substrates instead of mountain mud to grow orchids, it is necessary to irrigate the artificially prepared nutrient solution. When these porous substrates are used to plant orchids, their roots are white and strong, and they will not produce a blackboard suffocated by lack of oxygen, nor will they rot due to lack of water, which is very beneficial to the exuberant activities of orchids and their symbiotic bacteria. Orchid is a kind of evergreen fertilizer-loving plant, which grows almost all year round in a suitable temperature environment, so it consumes a lot of fertilizer. During the cultivation of potted orchids, we must often supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc and molybdenum to the potted soil. We have done the following experiments: from May to August, when the leaf buds of orchids began to be unearthed, choose healthy orchids with normal growth and divided them into 5 groups with 10 pots in each group. Group 1: group 4, 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g of massive peanut bran were applied respectively, and another group was used as the control group, twice a month for 10 times. The results showed that the more fertilizer, the faster the growth rate and the number of new buds sprouted. Liquid fertilizer was used in the experiment: (the concentration of ammonia was 28.5X10-6, 56X10-6, 125X10-6, 230X10-6). The result is that the higher the concentration, the better the growth and development. However, for orchids with declining growth or serious diseases and newly descending orchids, it is not suitable to apply fertilizer, otherwise, the higher the concentration and the more times of application, the higher the orchid shrinkage and mortality. These diseased orchids are often semi-dehydrated. In order to promote their recovery and rooting, it is best to be regulated by foliar fertilization, using 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate every week, adding 250x solution of rice vinegar, or adding 100,200 micrograms of B12 (20 grams of urea) to every 12.5kg water and fertilizer solution. After the new buds grow to 5cm, apply thin fertilizer to promote growth, and then carry out normal maintenance and management. Orchids in the whole growth process, are constantly absorbing a variety of nutrients, in order to timely and adequate supply of these nutrients, we need reasonable fertilization. Nitrogen supply is sufficient, orchids grow luxuriantly, green is normal. Under nitrogen deficiency, the leaves faded to yellow, the plants were short, and the growth was inhibited. But the thing is divided into two, too much nitrogen, orchid vegetative organ growth is too prosperous, plant leaves are soft and long, often more than the old leaves, extremely vulnerable to disease, and reproductive genes are inhibited, affecting flower bud differentiation and flowering. The area of modern family balcony is limited, and the leaf appreciation of orchids is also required to be controlled, wide and strong. In order to make the orchid plant thrive, it is necessary to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Phosphorus can promote cell division and proliferation, organic synthesis, transformation and transport, improve the ability of drought, cold and disease resistance, and promote root development and flower bud differentiation. Potassium can increase the intensity of photosynthesis, promote the transformation and transport of carbohydrates, increase the content of fiber tissue in leaves, make orchid leaves tough and straight, and improve stress resistance. After the application of heavy potassium in the later stage of orchid growth, the pseudobulb could be enlarged and the plant could be dwarfed. Therefore, before the vegetative growth of orchids, it is better to apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (2 ∶ 2 ∶ 1). When entering the leaf expansion stage, phosphorus and potassium should be mainly applied (1 ∶ 4 ∶ 3), and heavy potassium can be applied in the later stage, which can make the plants short and strong. Temperature can not only promote the decomposition of soil organic nutrients, but also promote the metabolism of orchids and fungi and enhance the absorption capacity of nutrients. The temperature of the four seasons is different, the amount of fertilizer should be different. Spring and summer are the exuberant growing period of orchids, and the times and amount of fertilization can be increased appropriately. When the winter temperature is low, the growth is inhibited, for example, the temperature is below 15 ℃. Stop fertilizing. In a word, the amount and times of fertilizer applied throughout the year are determined by the temperature. If the suitable temperature of the orchid is 20-30 ℃, it can be fertilized continuously throughout the year. This can promote its vegetative growth, orchids can sprout twice a year, grow and thrive.