Maintenance and management methods of orchids

Orchids belong to Orchidaceae, are monocotyledons and perennial herbs. 20-40 cm high, roots long tubular. Leaves clustered from stem, linear-lanceolate, slightly leathery, 2-3 pieces in a bunch. Orchid is a traditional Chinese flower, which is famous for its fragrance. With its unique leaves, flowers and fragrance, orchids give people a very noble and elegant image. 1. Basin soil requirements: neutral and acidic soil with a large amount of rot, loose and good drainage is the best, and the ph value is generally about 5.5 to 6.5. Emei Immortal soil and "Xinghong Brand" are mostly used in Sichuan to refine orchid plantations. More commonly, orchids are cultivated with "bamboo root mud" and rotten leaf soil under mountain embellish forests. 2. Place of placement: orchids can be cultivated outdoors and on the balcony in spring, summer and autumn, requiring good ventilation, moist air and no environmental pollution. Of course, it is good to be close to the pond and riverside, at least trees or bamboo forests and sunshade nets should be placed to reduce the sun exposure and lower the temperature. The orchid basin had better be put on the wooden frame (or steel frame). If you put it on the ground with bricks, the home balcony can also use tin to make small water storage pads on bricks to increase humidity. 3. Proper shading: orchids are mostly semi-shady plants, and most species are afraid of direct sunlight and need proper shading. Orchids can go to the net and open windows in the first and middle of April to promote their growth. In May, except for the noon sun, it can shine for 6 hours; from June, it will be shaded all-weather, and after October, it can be fully open for maintenance except Zhongyang. Remember the proverb: "there are many leaves in the shade and many flowers in the sun." 4. Rational fertilization: orchids eat "vegetarian". Fertilization depends on the selected potted soil and growth. Those with luxuriant growth and no disease can be fertilized, while those with poor growth should not be fertilized or a small amount of fertilizer. Newly planted orchids with incomplete potted roots need to be fertilized after 2 years. In general, when the leaf buds of orchids extend about 1.5 cm from June to July, mature liquid fertilizer is applied every three weeks (the concentration should be about 10%). Avoid using chemical fertilizer, if it is not suitable to apply fertilizer in high temperature season, apply diluted liquid fertilizer every two to three weeks from August to September. Orchid every fertilization should be carried out in the evening, watering clear water in the morning, called "backwater". 5, appropriate watering: orchid watering with Rain Water and spring water is better, tap water or rice water should be used overnight. When watering, pour from the edge of the basin, not into the bud. The amount of watering should be determined according to the air temperature, the degree of dryness and humidity of the basin soil and the growth of bluegrass. The leaves are mostly watered, but the leaves are thinly watered. From April to May, the new bud has not yet grown soil, the basin soil should be dry, too wet new bud is easy to rot; June-September is the orchid bud growth period, the amount of water should be increased, every sunny morning or watering once, do not water at noon hot sun. To reduce the amount of water in autumn, foliar spray water can be used to keep the basin soil moist, and the amount of water should be controlled in winter to keep it "80% dry and 20% wet". 6. Evening spray: orchids originally grow in a humid environment, so in the dry season, in addition to shading, they must also be sprayed in the evening to increase air humidity and lower temperature; they can also be watered on the potted orchid ground (Mesa). "one cold and one hot" can more stimulate the growth of orchids. 7. Prevent wind and rain: the old leaves of "February Ghost Wind" are normal, and withered branches and leaves can be cut off. Orchids can be caught in light rain, but avoid moldy rain, heavy rain or continuous rain, otherwise they are prone to rotten hearts and rotten leaves. In Rain Water's season, you can sprinkle a small amount of plant ash appropriately. 8. Pruning and picking flowers: in orchid culture, withered, yellow, broken leaves and diseased leaves should often be cut off. To facilitate ventilation. For precious orchids, if there are too many flower buds, only strong buds are left, and it is appropriate to have 2 flower buds in each pot. Spring orchids are removed half a month after flowering, precious orchids should be removed in 7 days, spring leaf buds grow and thrive, and it will be better to bloom in the coming year. When the last flower on the inflorescence of summer orchid blooms for a week, cut it 3 centimeters from the basin. 9, cold protection and warmth: orchids have different varieties, different places of origin, and different cold resistance, so the time of entering the room in winter and the location placed indoors are also different. Cold orchid, autumn orchid and orchid grow in the south, it is appropriate to enter the room (or close the window and fence) when the temperature is 5 ℃, and put it in the south sunny place as far as possible. And spring, summer orchid cold resistance, can not enter the room until 0 ℃, can be placed in the northeast. Before and after noon when there is no wind on a sunny day, windows should be opened to the south or southeast to draw nets for ventilation. Qiulan is not allowed to open windows on a sunny day of 1 ℃ 2 degrees Celsius. Of course, there is a greenhouse, you can use electric heating. 10, disease prevention and pest control: the basin soil should generally be sterilized (hot sun exposure can also be) to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Orchids are most prone to white silk disease in rainy and high temperature seasons. a small amount can be brushed off with wet cloth, and the pot can be sprayed every 10 days with 500, 800 times Bordeaux liquid or topzine. Insect pests are mainly caused by scale insects (commonly known as "blue lice"), which are sprayed once a week with 1000 times of omethoate and 25% imidophos EC during incubation. To get to the root of the problem, the pot should be dense and appropriate, put high and low, increase ventilation and reduce the occurrence of diseases.