Exploration on the appreciation of Han Orchid in China

In the Chinese Orchid family, Han Lan, as an ornamental, is the latest strain to be developed systematically. in order to explore the theory of Han Lan appreciation in China, we must understand when China uses Han Lan as an ornamental. Although Professor Liu Qingyong also cited "Chen Mengliang" in Jin Zhanglan Spectrum as a suspected Han Lan, from the point of view of "the flower head is extremely large and is the crown of many flowers", it is not the characteristics of Han Lan. It needs to be further verified. First, the word Han Lan originated from Professor Chen Xinqi in Japan. According to relevant records, Japan published the word Han Lan in Japanese orchid books as early as 1905 in the name of (C.kanran) Han Lan (pronounced "Cannan"). The word Han Lan appeared in Chinese orchid spectrum in 1930. In 1919, the "seed Orchid Law" published by the Commercial Press, the author Xia Xianbin This book is the first time that Chinese orchid books have adopted scientific classification, and it is also the first time to use the word C.kanran. The original text of Han Lan, "Han Lan", is produced in China and in the south of Kyushu of the four warm Kingdoms in Japan. Those with light yellowish green are called cyan orchid, those with purplish red are purple orchid, and those with thick red and tinged purple are red cold orchid. Two messages are conveyed to us from the book. The first is that the author did not give a specific example of Hanlan in China, while the Japanese producing area is very specific. It is clear that Japanese Hanlan is produced in Kyushu Shikoku, and the Japanese pronunciation of the second Hanlan conforms to (C.kanran). If it is pronounced Hanlan in China, it should be (C.hanran). From this we can infer that the author of the book directly quoted the definition of Han Lan in the Japanese orchid book, and it is credible that the word Han Lan originated in Japan. The large-scale cultivation and appreciation of Hanlan in Japan is also ahead of China. In 1935, Hanlan was included in the Primary Oriental Orchid Atlas of Yong Yi Ishii. In 1937, Yoshihara Yoshihara could see the figure of Hanlan in his "Orchid Spectrum", and more than a dozen varieties were included in the spectrum, which shows that Hanlan appreciation was very popular in Japan at that time. In China, however, the appreciation of the national orchid is influenced by petal typology, pursuing the round and full shape of the flower. The orchid book takes Chunlan and Cymbidium as the model, even in Guangdong and Fujian, although they are mainly produced locally. Yunnan is dominated by lotus orchids and Sichuan is dominated by spring swords, but they are all bred under the guidance of traditional petal theory, and the core of appreciation theory is petal theory. Because of its long and narrow distribution and slender flower shape, Hanlan does not have the greatest resource advantage in the playing orchid area, nor does it meet the fashion defined by petal typology, so it can not enter the stream and is not taken seriously. However, because there are not many kinds of orchids in Japan, there are only unfragrant Japanese orchids and fragrant cold orchids. Kyushu Shikoku in Japan is rich in wild cold orchids. Influenced by Chinese orchid culture, Japan began to appreciate orchids as early as 200 years ago. Japanese Malsoak wrote orchid books at the behest of the emperor in 1773. The early Japanese theory of appreciation of national orchids was influenced by Chinese orchid culture on the one hand and integrated into the local culture at the same time, forming a unique Japanese orchid culture. Japanese orchids give priority to posture and color, petal shape and delicate fragrance are the second. Japanese cold orchids are evaluated on the basis of flower color, pattern, tongue, flower and wheel number. The flower color is bright, the mosaic color should be distinct, and the flower pattern needs a single flower to bloom and stretch. The flower tongue is round, the color is pure or the falling point is bright, the tongue is not crooked, and the flowers are required to be arranged sparsely, the pitch is moderate and equal, and the flower leaves are arranged at the end of the leaf. The number of rounds is the requirement of the number of flowers, and more than five or six flowers are needed for each branch. Japan collected cold orchid varieties in Oujiang area of China in the 1920s and 1930s according to its own standards. due to a large number of Japanese orchid merchants, this has a great impact on the appreciation of local cold orchids. Up to now, many cold orchid players in China still use these standards. it can be said that Japan touched the beginning of Hanlan in China, which is the result of cultural exchanges and interaction between China and Japan. II. The present situation of the appreciation of Han Orchid in China during the Cultural Revolution, the development of Chinese national orchid stopped completely during the Cultural Revolution, and it was not until the 1980s that Han Orchid was paid attention to again in the early 1990s, but the Chinese people always hope to express the form of Han Orchid in terms of traditional petal type. but when they found that Han Lan was not suitable for these standards, they chose the second place, relaxed the petal standard and relied on plum, lotus and narcissus. Even later simply put forward the cold orchid does not look at the outer three, only talk about the middle palace, hard pocket for plum, soft pocket for immortal. Other orchid friends also proposed that since the cold orchid is slender in shape and has its own characteristics, taking the cold orchid elegant, ethereal and beautiful, as well as the thin, stiff, straight style as the reward, put forward the concept of form and meaning beauty, but these theories are lack of refinement standards in practical application. Therefore, there are three schools of cold orchid appreciation in China, the first one is based on Japanese appreciation standards, most of them are orchid friends in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, the second school is about petal typology, most of them are orchid friends in Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, and the third school advocates the beauty of cold orchids and mainly Fujian orchid friends. Third, the establishment of Hanlan appreciation theory in line with Chinese culture, Chinese orchid culture is broad and profound, affecting Japan and South Korea, we can not lack Chinese culture in the development of national orchid, and it is the mission and responsibility of orchid people to spread Chinese culture with national orchid as the carrier. Although Han orchid was developed relatively late in China, the establishment of Chinese cold orchid appreciation theory must be rooted in the soil of Chinese orchid culture and look for theoretical support. The classification of cold orchid horticultural varieties should be in line with the customary title of Ailan, easy to express, and refine the standard, so as to be suitable for product and grading in market circulation. Based on the above point of view, I put forward my own point of view of Han Lan appreciation. All the standards and nouns applicable to Han Lan in Chinese traditional appreciation theory should be applied to Han Lan appreciation theory, and at the same time, some supplements and improvements should be made according to the special characteristics of Han Lan, so that the characteristics of Han Lan can be fully reflected and expressed. Cold orchid appreciation still needs to meet the requirements of traditional national orchid appreciation in its flower products, patterns and guards, with slender stalks, small stalks, scattered bells, orderly arrangement, several flowers, and a good flower pattern at the leaf end; a single flower is symmetrically stretched, with a hairpin, no anti-shearing, no stiffness, no twisting back as a good flower; it does not drop the shoulder for more than ten days, does not lift the main petal, does not bow the head, does not take apart, does not fade for the flower to guard well. In the appreciation of Han orchid varieties, vegetable, butterfly, strange, color, leaf art and traditional appreciation theory are not much different, can be combined with application, no longer repeat. The classification of the petal type of cold orchid is the focus of establishing the appreciation theory of cold orchid. According to the strength of the stamen and the width of the outer valve, it can be divided into five categories according to the shape of the middle palace and five categories according to the shape of the outer valve. According to the Zhonggong classification, we can still learn from the five names of Mr. Shen Peilin's Huihua of the Xiaoshanlan family in the Qing Dynasty. The first category is called "Qiao species". "Qiao" means just right, exquisite, small and meticulous, silkworm moth holding, Guanyin holding and other androgynous petals are all full of white sand, small and meticulous, its quality such as jade, its shape meticulous, this skillful word is appropriate, Han Lan Zhong Palace for white-headed deep pockets can be called "skillfully planted".

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