Characteristics and maintenance of Jian Lan (Siji Orchid)

Sijilan is a kind of Jianlan series, also known as Xialan, Qiulan and so on. Jianlan is mainly produced in Fujian, which was once known as the hometown of Jianlan. Jianlan is widely distributed, south of the Yangtze River in China or on both sides of the Yangtze River basin, and on both sides of the central hillside of Taiwan. Under the forest overcast wetland or miscellaneous wood forest below 1500 meters above sea level, the foggy place facing south is a good environment for orchids to grow.

The flowering period of Cymbidium is various. due to different varieties and different environments, many varieties can blossom two or three times or even four times a year. Some of the main florescence is in autumn, while others are in late spring, summer and early winter. For example, Xia Hui in Sichuan, also known as June Orchid, blossoms from July to October. The early flowering stage is in early July, from late July to late August, there are still flowers in the early and middle of October, and the last flowering stage is in late October. There are 7-9 flowers of Cymbidium and White Cymbidium in Fujian, which can bloom 3 times in summer and autumn. They are widely cultivated and bloom in batches during the whole flowering period. Because the florescence can span the four seasons, it is called Sijilan.

For the flowers of Cymbidium, the formation of flower bud embryos is about 5 months before flowering. The flower bud develops in the diapause period of the new bud, and when the leaf of the new seedling is semi-mature, the flower bud grows from the leaf sheath root at the base of the pseudobulb. It will blossom in about 20 days. Cymbidium has 5-9 flowers, with a maximum of 18 flowers. Bracts open in the Yangtze River Delta, petals are mostly small shoulder, flower stem is 4-6 cm, and there are nectaries at the base of bracts. Sepals short round-lanceolate, with 3-5 deep veins, petals slightly bent inward, clasping each other. The labellum is broad and round, the trifid is not obvious, and the end of the middle lobe is obtuse. after the flower blossoms for 2-3 days, the tongue flap changes from flat extension to anti-curl.

The four seasons are full of blue and fragrance. The aroma of the top-grade four-season orchid is fresh and mellow, refreshing, thick but not strong, fragrant but not turbid, smell fresh, such as "Chonglan at the bottom of the stream, fragrance full of forest," said. Most of the orchids are colored hearts, and most of them are light yellow flowers, but also light green, light red and snow white. The petals of the orchids are ribbed and the tongue petals are spotted. The flowers of the four seasons Magnolia are also yellowish and green, and there are also pure white, golden, bright red, pink, emerald green and other colors. Suxinlan is one of the varieties pursued by orchids and was once regarded as the top grade of orchids.

The plant shape of Siji orchid is robust, the leaf posture is mostly erect or oblique, and some varieties are slightly drooping semi-arched. The leaf is soft and beautiful, 20-65 cm long and 1-2.6 cm wide. The leaves are turquoise or dark green, full of luster. The leaf base is narrow, the leaf surface is fish belly shape, the leaf tip is smooth or obtuse, the leaf surface is slightly leathery, the leaf surface is flat, the midrib is protruding to the back, the backlight perspective midrib is transparent, the color is yellow and bright, Suxin Lanwan is obvious. The leaf edge has fine teeth, the leaf edge teeth of Cymbidium are thicker, and the edge teeth of Cymbidium leaves are finer.

The false bulb of Sijilan is oval. It varies in size, about 0.6-1.2 cm in diameter. Fleshy roots, 0.5-0.7 cm in diameter and 5-6 cm in length, some with bifurcated roots. The length and size of the root is mostly the same as that of the leaf, Ye Shu is the root sprouting, and the leaf is abortive, the root is rotten. Generally, each pseudobulb has four orchid roots, one of which is the common root of another matrilineal or subline. The leaf sheath has 3-5 pieces, which are thinly leathery. After the orchid seedling grew up, the leaf sheath gradually opened and no longer embraced the leaf base.

Under the natural environment, the new buds of Cymbidium generally begin to breed after the Mid-Autumn Festival. In late December, new buds can be seen with the naked eye, and new buds grow 0.2-1.5 cm in late February of the lunar calendar. The germination rate of Cymbidium is higher, the strong pseudobulbs within three generations, and most pseudobulbs can sprout 2 new buds. Whether the new buds of orchid seedlings are strong or not mainly depends on the sturdiness and nutrient accumulation of mother seedlings, and spring buds are stronger than autumn buds. One of the important conditions to ensure the flowering of orchid seedlings, orchid seedlings must be strong.

The cultivation and management of orchids are the same as those of ordinary orchids. The request to the flowerpot is not high, the flowerpot chooses the caliber about 20 centimeters, the height is about 25 centimeters, as long as the pot with drainage hole at the bottom of the pot, can be used to grow orchids. Sijilan likes to gather 3-5 seedlings in one pot, which is beneficial to growth, strong seedlings and flowering, so it is generally not suitable for single seedling planting. Although single seedling can tiller new seedling, but it is disadvantageous to growth, single seedling planting is not flowering. The basic requirement of orchid flowering is 3 conjoined plants, 5 leaves must flower.

Orchid pot plant configuration. The bottom of the orchid basin is filled with pebbles or broken tiles to 1/3 of the basin height, and the plant material is selected to burn the soil and bask the peanut shell or pond mud into a block and beat it into particles. It is the best to burn soil particles, and put a few cooked soybeans in the plant material as the first-class base fertilizer.

Light is the key to the growth of orchid seedlings, which determines the yellow and green leaf color and the height of the plant type. The light is too strong, the leaf color is yellow, the blue seedling is strong and short; the light is too weak, the leaf color is dark green, and the blue seedling is thin and tall. The suitable shade of light is 65%, 75%. Those on the indoor table should choose to be close to the window, but should not be exposed to direct sunlight. In case of scorched tail. Keep ventilated to prevent germs from invading.

Orchid basin temperature. Although the orchid appears noble, but to overcome the overindulgence of psychology, pay attention to its growth law, watering must master dry watering, do not water, watering should be thoroughly watered. Observe whether the orchid basin should be watered, with the hand touching the orchid soil not sticking to the hand, or the orchid soil just seeing white as the reference basis. When watering, we must ensure that the whole basin is evenly watered and thoroughly watered, so as to ensure the uniform distribution of the orchid root. You can use a large washbasin to fill the water, and then put the orchid basin in the water to let the water seep in from the bottom hole of the orchid basin.

The adjustment of leaf humidity. It depends on the season and environment. Such as autumn and winter, the humidity is higher in the south, generally do not spray water. The humidity in the northwest is relatively low, especially in the room with heating, so the humidity should be replenished in time. The water volatilization rate of blue soil can be seen by observing the humidity. If you water the orchid basin once a month, you can sprinkle water on the leaves once in 3-5 days; if you water the orchid basin once in 5-10 days, you can spray water on the leaves once in 2-3 days; if you water once in 3-5 days, spray water once a day; if you water once in 1-2 days, spray water twice a day; the spraying time is generally chosen in the morning and evening.

Temperature. It can be adjusted naturally in the natural environment. If you plant it indoors, you should pay attention to the dormant period of orchids and keep them warm all the year round. The optimum hibernation temperature of Cymbidium is between 0-12 ℃. If you have a good hibernation, the flowers will be more beautiful in the coming year. If you don't ask for flowers, you don't need hibernation.

Fertilize. As long as the blue soil is used well, there is generally no need to apply fertilizer. Fertilizer can be used agricultural compound fertilizer, each pot on 3-5 tablets per month, do not apply more. Fertilizer should not be in direct contact with Langen. Cover it with blue soil after application. Usually foliar spray can add 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The root residual bacteria of orchids can meet the needs of nitrogen elements, and generally do not need to apply nitrogen fertilizer.

Pest control. Sijilan has a strong ability of disease resistance, and no disease has been found in planting and breeding for many years. Usually use 75% chlorothalonil 800 solution plus 0.2% concentration of washing powder spray prevention. 100 mg / L streptomycin can also be added when spraying water, and 0.1% potassium permanganate can be added to prevent it. In case of leaf lesions, the diseased matrix should be cut off in time to avoid infection. When using pesticides and chemical fertilizers, we should strictly control the concentration, pay attention to the scientific use of fertilizers and drugs, and avoid artificial fertilizer damage to seedlings.

Orchids are elegant and plain flowers that do not compete with others. The fragrance of Qingxin and Yuanyuan is known as "Xiangzu", "national fragrance" and "the first fragrance in the world". It is praised by Zheng Banqiao as: "although the wind is crazy, the leaves are not hurt; the products are both elegant and fragrant." Marshal Zhu de once wrote poems praising orchids; "shallow makeup of the original national color, Qingfang who and victory orchids." Chinese people have loved orchids very much since ancient times. Some people say that "a thousand paintings of orchid grass and ten thousand poems of orchids with one arrow" is the most appropriate description of people's love of orchids. As early as 2400 years ago in the Spring and Autumn period, Confucius, the pioneer of Chinese culture, once called Lan the "incense of kings", which is enough to prove the position of Chinese orchids in history and culture.

Jin Zhang Orchid Spectrum, written by Zhao Shigeng in the Southern Song Dynasty in 1233, can be said to be the earliest work on orchids in China, and it is also the first orchid monograph in the world. According to modern orchid scholars, the "Bailan" recorded in the book is Jianlan, and most of the Jianlan series are Sijilan, so it can be seen that Sijilan is one of the earliest major orchid species of Changlan.

Sijilan, ancient and modern consensus, famous China, drifting across the sea; easy to manage, good at growing seedlings, like to blossom; strong plant shape, lush leaves, simple color, fragrant smell; enthusiasts unwittingly collect, never short because of the high price of the orchid market, and not abandoned because of the downturn of the orchid city. Most people who love orchids always hold four orchids in their hands.