Orchid cultivation and management

The place orchid shed should choose the place with the back west to the east, the southeast direction is empty, and there are high walls or trees in the west back direction. Can not only see the early sun, but also block the scorching sun. A courtyard with clean air and a certain degree of humidity. Pay attention to ventilation, exposure, avoiding the hot sun, avoiding smoking and so on. If built on the roof or floor balcony, in addition to the shade above, mainly hang curtains in the northwest to prevent the grass leaves from being burned by the setting sun after noon. It is best to use mud or a clear pool under the orchid shed to keep the air around the orchid shed moist. And pay attention to the cleaning of the ground to prevent the breeding of diseases and insect pests. When the outdoor temperature drops to about 0 ℃, the orchid pot must be moved indoors to prevent frostbite. The traditional cultivation of orchids in orchids uses tile pots. Because the traditional plant material is orchid mud, the mud foam is very fine. In order to make Langen ventilated, an earthen basin was used. Due to the change of plant material and the need of viewing, sand basin and glaze basin are mostly used. Because the orchid root is slender, it is better to have a high waist and open trumpet-shaped round basin. In order to facilitate the discharge of water, the diameter of the basin bottom hole should be large, and in order to strengthen the air objects inside and outside the basin, the basin base should stand high and full. Porcelain pots are seldom used because of their poor air permeability. Plant material 1. Orchid mud: soil accumulated in rock grooves by decaying leaves, which is soft, draining and fertile. The PH value is between 5.56.5. two。 Fire-baked soil: granular soil left after barbecue on the surface of weeds. 3. Fairy soil: the granular soil, which is excavated and developed by Emei Mountain in Sichuan Province, is divided into three specifications: large, medium, small and small. 4. Pine cypress orchid stone (volcanic rock); made in Taiwan, divided into three specifications: large, medium and small. 5. Keystone: a continuous bubble body made in Taiwan with alpine ore as raw material after technical treatment. It is divided into three specifications: large, medium and small. 6. Planting stone: made in Japan, it is divided into three specifications: large, medium and small. 7. Emperor stone: made in Japan, natural breathable porous stone. 8. Perlite: strong drainage, moisturizing and air permeability. Orchid shed orchids like shady and ventilated places, if there is no shade outside, they will be exposed to the hot sun and heavy rain. Traditional orchid sheds are covered with bamboo shelves with cloth curtains and bamboo curtains. Sunny days cover the hot sun, rainy days, open the curtain at night to let the orchid bathe dew. Modern orchid sheds are mostly made of metal, with sunscreen and plastic sheeting to protect against the sun and rain. The orchid platform can be divided into steps and tables, which is easy to manage. Indoor maintenance, no need to build a shed. After planting orchid fields, orchid sheds, orchid pots and planting materials, you can plant orchids. First of all, soak the orchid basin with clear water, cover the bottom hole with a plastic net, cover the bottom with coarse stone or coarse immortal soil, and the height is 1 inch 3 of the depth of the basin. If you use coarse-grained fairy soil, you must first soak it in water for ten days. To be put into the orchid, straighten out the orchid root, put into the medium-grained fairy soil or coarse-grained flower mud. Place an inch away from the mouth of the basin and enrich the false scales of the orchid with the finest fairy soil or orchid mud, and then cover with a layer of fine-grained immortal soil or fine pebbles. When placing orchid seedlings in the basin, we should pay attention to leaving room for future new seedlings. After watering and shading for a week, it can be normally put into the orchid shed for maintenance. Management 1. Song Zhao Shigeng's Jin Zhang Orchid Spectrum: "if the platform is too high, it will be sunny, and if it is too low, it will be hidden." Before the appropriate southwest, after the appropriate back north, want to pass through the south smoke and block the north wind blowing also. The land does not have to be open. If it is open, there will be a day, and it should not be narrow. If it is narrow, it will cover the air. The right should be close to the forest, the left should be near the wild, to introduce the east sun and avoid the west sun. It is shaded when it is hot in summer and exposed in cold in winter. If you want to get rid of the sand, you can't have sex with the rain, if you want to get rid of the sand, you can't dry it on a cool day. As for inserting the leaf frame, protecting the sand of the root, preventing the injury of earthworms, and forbidding the burrow of ants. This is the way to love and raise weeds by removing their silks, helping their new seedlings and cutting their fallen leaves. " two。 Ming Dynasty Li Minkui "Orchid cultivation formula": "Spring does not wind (after spring does not come out) summer is not day, autumn is not dry, winter is not wet." 3. Ming Feng Jingdi "Lan Yi" wrote in the preface: "the way to raise orchids is easy to prepare in Tiangen, and it is appropriate to take measures in time." However, the temperament and virtue of the orchid is incomplete. He secretly tasted the eclectic theory of a hundred schools to derive its meaning. Where there are two chapters in the biography, there are two chapters for the Yi wing. " "the happy day is afraid of summer heat, the wind and the cold." (talking about the temperature requirements for the growth of orchids, that is, the joy and fear of warm cold of yin and yang) "like rain but afraid of scrapping, happy moist and afraid of wet, like dry and afraid of dryness." (talking about the requirement of moisture in raising orchids) "like fertilizer but fear turbid, like soil and fear thickness." (talking about the requirements for breeding wood and fertilization) "like shade but afraid of dust, like heating but afraid of smoke, gratifying but afraid of insects". (talking about cleanliness and hygiene, disinfestation and sterilization) "like to gather together but fear to leave your mother, like to cultivate and fear arrogance." (talk about the community habits and cultivation and management of orchids properly) 4. The method of growing flowers in December in the Mirror of Orchid can not leave the house in cold weather in the first month, so it is necessary to prevent dry injury caused by mud dryness; the edge of the basin dries through the mud and leaves the shell, and it is wonderful to pour raw rotten pulp. There is a slight breeze in February spring, and the river must be watered for two or three hours. The size of the flowerpot should be considered and should not be watered into the pot. When the spring in March and the sun are warm, the orchid wind is dewy; although the east wind is all right, the northwest gale should be avoided. April is sunny and easy to maintain, regardless of thunderstorm; if the rain is still under the curtain for a long time, the wind will not hurt slightly. The sun is slightly fiery in May. Water at night and hide in the sun at 03:00. If the shade is handed over in the afternoon, the new sprouts will not be hurt. June inflammation in the morning and evening watering, root through the launch of new seedlings; if still thin how to treat, secretly teach immortal milk. At the beginning of July, the Beginning of Autumn, the new root is growing. If you see a mud knot in the basin, you should also use your fingertips to loosen the soil. The dew of the Mid-Autumn Festival frost in August is thick, and the grass juice must be filled in the middle basin. If the roots are strong and the autumn grains are strong, it is different to send new flowers early. The wind in Chongyang is getting colder in September, and the mud noodles in the basin should not be dry. I advise you to get more sun and dew, and you will have a new piece of soil to wear. It is cold and hot in spring in October, beware of wind, rain and frost. The weather should be sunburned in front of the window, and it should be kept warm when it is cold. Do not leave the house when it is cold, but also close the wind window when it is mild. It is most suitable for pine leaves to spread potted noodles, otherwise cotton can also be good. The window is closed in December, and the silver vat is extremely cold and frozen. The basin is dry and slightly watered, and don't get hurt if you hook it on all sides. 5. Xu Qilou's "Orchid Hui four Seasons Formula" in "Lan Hui's record of one mind": in the first month, it is the spring breeze and Jianyin, and pay more attention to the placement of greenhouses. The sunny window is often closed in the morning so that the cold does not invade into the morning. February: the spring rain of apricot blossoms makes trouble on the branches, and I like to see Youfang smoking day by day. Under the eaves to avoid frost is more frost-proof, cherish flowers when moving night cold sorrow. March: it rains like silk during the Qingming Festival, and the moss marks grow for a long time. Anti-boredom even moved to the cool place, the eaves still forbade the new wind blowing in April: Huilan opened and calm, gradually feel the sun proud how to bask in. Rectify the flower protection barrier and fight over the bamboo nest in half the shade. May: mildew and rain grow green stems, and the old bushes see the sprouts sprouting. Yin and Yang weather should be cherished, do not let the scorching sun leak bamboo canopy. June: summer soak in the heat of the court, heavy curtains cover the night in the morning. Huaxin embryo test next year, care should also be watered with grass juice. July: cool breeze first move summer still smoke, mud dryness pay attention to pouring frequently, the stamens should be unearthed first, timing is not necessarily the Autumn Equinox. August: sweet-scented osmanthus steamed with strong autumn sun, drying up and preventing it will be fundamentally hurt. Remember when the water chestnut is dry, a pot of water is syrup. September: the wood leaves destroy the frost and let it be exposed to the wind at night. Looking straight at the thinning of the marks on the tiles, we began to buy the south eaves and Na Shuhui. October: when Lingmei returns in spring, she is afraid of greetings and frost and snow. Move the thatched cottage to welcome the refreshing breath, and the tile basin is high for the small window to open. November: the cold moon is cold in the middle of winter, how can the world be ruthlessly frozen. In the afternoon, the window was closed again, and the surrounding care was even more woven. December: 99 taste anti-freezing will not open, the window seal is more afraid of snow coming. If dripping water turns into ice, the fire can bring spring back. 6. "Dumen Yilan Ji" is the experience of planting orchids in Beijing area. the watering method he proposed is treated separately according to the 24 solar terms in a year: (1) the Beginning of Spring and Rain Water: the spring orchid has been covered with flowers, and the soil should not be too dry. Slightly wet along the edge of the basin: if the autumn orchid basin is not dry to the bottom, it will not be watered. (2) stinging: when the spring orchid basin is dry to the orchid basin (solid above), you can cry, but not much; Qiulan is the same as before. (3) the Spring Equinox: the spring orchid has withered, avoid dampness, when the basin is half dry, it can moisturize the water. (4) Qingming, Grain Rain: do not dry the basin soil and moisturize the water every 5 days. (5) the Beginning of Summer: lan begins to come out of the house, it is appropriate to water thoroughly once. (6) Lesser Fullness of Grain: the basin soil should not be too dry and too wet, the spots on the leaves are too wet, and the withered tips of new buds are too dry. Watering 1 liter every 4 days is appropriate to make the basin soil moist from bottom to top. (7) Grain in Beard: Beijing is dry, so it is better to be careful not to get too dry and wet. (8) the Summer Solstice: the basin soil should not be too dry. In case of heavy rain, can only endure for one day, in case of continuous rain, the basin must be moved to the ventilated place. (9) Lesser Heat: at this time, the air is too wet, do not get dry and get too wet, the basin should be placed in a ventilated place; if it is hot and dry with little rain, water 1 liter every 2 days. If it rains or gets wet once, it must be dry until the basin soil is 2CP3, otherwise it should not be watered again. (10) Greater Heat: the basin soil is easy to dry to the end, you should pay attention to heavy rain or wet only once a day. (11) the Beginning of Autumn: lan is in need of water at this time. He must water 2 liters every 3 days, and should take shelter from the wind. (12) the End of Heat: watering it every 5 days will expose it to rain and dew except for continuous rain. (13) White Dew: autumn orchids should be watered more frequently than spring orchids, but they must be dry after getting wet before they can be watered again. (14) the Autumn Equinox: if the autumn orchid has flowered, it should be watered a little less; if there is no flower, the watering should be slightly increased. (15) Cold Dew: autumn orchids should be watered thoroughly, while spring orchids should not be thoroughly watered and should be moistened. (16) Frost long: lan should enter the room, the watering time should be changed to the middle of the day, and should be exposed to the sun for 1-2 hours after watering. (17) the Beginning of Winter: it should only be moisturized, about half a liter every 5 days. (18) Lesser Snow: the greenhouse should not be warm; it should not be too wet. If it is too wet, it can cause rotten roots, scar leaves and even wilt. If the basin soil is not dry to the bottom, it only needs to moisten the soil slightly. (19) heavy snow: autumn orchids do not need water, spring orchids should be slightly moist. (20) the Winter Solstice: none of them is suitable for irrigation. (21) Lesser Cold: all avoid watering. (22) Greater Cold: autumn orchid still does not need water, spring orchid can be slightly moisturized.

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