Know the orchid

The root of orchid root is a tufted fibrous root system, fleshy, occasionally producing segmented branched roots from the beard, and orchid root has no root hair. Generally, the root of spring orchid is thinner, the diameter is about 0.4 cm, and the diameter of Huilan is about 0.5 cm, while the roots of Jianlan, Qiulan, cold orchid and annualized orchid are thicker and longer than the above. The rich water and nutrients in the orchid root can be divided into three parts according to the structure of the root, and the outermost layer is the root bark tissue that surrounds the whole root, which mainly plays the role of absorbing and protecting water. Therefore, watering the orchid should not be too frequent, otherwise, the soil is too wet, it is easy to cause root rot. Within the root bark is the cortical tissue, and the cortical cells are all living cells, some containing acicular crystals and some containing symbiotic root fungi. When the fleshy root is broken, there is a yellow-white fiber stalk about 0.1 cm thick, called the central peduncle, which is not easy to break. The root of Orchid which has been cultivated for many years, when dry, the robust root is sub-white, and when the young root is derived, it is mostly tender white, such as exposed in the basin or mud, and turquoise or dark gray due to moisture. The orchid root has symbiosis with it, so it can get more nourishment and flourish, so the traditional orchids in our country must bring some persistent soil, and avoid digging with sharp weapons, that is the truth. Stem ground orchid has no obvious stem, only the difference between rhizome and flower stem. At the junction of roots and leaves, there is a large pseudobulb in the form of columnar, fusiform, ovate, spherical and oblate, all growing upward, fully exposed or slightly exposed on the mud surface, and should not be completely buried in the mud when planting. The size of pseudobulbs varies from species to species. For example, Cymbidium and Cymbidium are generally about 1-1.5 cm high and 1 cm wide, and other types are stronger. The sturdy pseudobulbs are all covered by green leaves, which wither and atrophy after senescence. The exposed pseudocorm is yellow or yellowish green, and there are withered and slender filamentous leaf traces on the pseudocorm. Pseudobulm is commonly known as Reed head, cathead and bibcock in Yilan of our country, in which nourishment and water can be stored for three or five years, and when it enters the aging period, it can also derive pseudobulm, whenever the yellow mold reaches the height of summer or early autumn, leaf buds and flower buds grow from the base of the pseudobulm. Another kind of stem is the flower stem (scape, pedicel), which is covered with several layers of bracts. Leaves can be divided into two types: common leaves and bracts. The leaves from the pseudo-corms are called ordinary leaves, linear or band-shaped, without obvious petioles, leaf bundles growing at one time, entire or marginal serrulate, parallel veins, evergreen hard leathery, mostly dark green, light back, sharp or obtuse leaf tips. The leaf width of Cymbidium is about 0.4-0.8 cm and the length is more than 20 cm. Jian-lan and Han-lan are wider and longer, and the age-bearing orchid is wider, more than 1.5 cm. The midrib in the center of the leaf protrudes or slightly protrudes to the back of the leaf to support the orchid leaf to grow upward, which is not easy to break even though it is blown by the wind. Every five to seven and eight leaves form bundles (each bundle is commonly known as "tube" or "Zhuang" in Chinese orchid art, and each bundle should be counted as three leaves). Cymbidium and Cymbidium should have 3-5 leaves per bunch, and there are a little more other types. According to Chinese traditional Yilan, summing up the experience of Chunlan and Cymbidium leaf type, combined with petal type, it is considered that where the leaf tip is furrowed, pocket to the base is better, plum petal leaf is hard, daffodil petal leaf is waxy, fat and thick, most of them produce lotus or broad petal flowers. Another kind of leaf, that is, the abnormal leaf wrapped on the flower stem, due to degeneration into a membranous scale, the base is sheath-shaped, commonly known as shell, botanical known as bract, it mainly plays a role in protecting flower buds. The outermost two at the base of the bracts are hard horny, and several inside are soft membranous. According to its color and upper ribs and sand halos, the Yilan family in China is often used as a basis for identifying petal types in the evolution of flower buds. The bracts of Cymbidium have five layers, and some of the bracts at the top of the inflorescence are protruding or lower than the flowers when they are in full bloom; the bracts of a multi-flowered stem such as Cymbidium have 7-9 layers, and there is a short soft film at the base of each flower stalk. The size, width and color of bracts of Cymbidium and Cymbidium are all related to the petal type. The flowers of the genus Magnolia are irregular flowers, solitary or by several flowers with long or short flowers, born on long flower stems and arranged in racemes. As far as the flower structure is concerned, there are six petals and one stamen (stamens), which is divided into three wheels. The outermost round is a similar shape of three sepals, Yilan terminology known as the outer three. The middle three pieces are commonly known as the inner three petals, and the upper two are longitudinally parallel, slightly shorter than the outer three, commonly known as holding the petal; the lower lip or tongue is fluffy, with red or purplish red dots scattered above, and those with this color are called meat petal flowers, such as pure green, white and yellowish flowers on the tongue. The innermost layer, a stamen composed of pistils and stamens, commonly known as nose or fragrance, is the part that contains fragrance. The top of the stamen is stamen, there is a pollen cover outside, there is a pollen chamber inside, there is a pollen block, and the anther is sessile. The lower part of the pollen block has an elongated powder stalk, namely the embryo stem, and there is an adhesive disk at the base of it. There is a concave hole slightly forward below the top of the stamen, containing mucus, which is often used by insects as a medium for pollination. The pistil consists of three combined carpels, inferior ovary, lateral membrane placenta, which contains most anatropous ovules. After the pistil of the fruit orchid was fertilized, the petals gradually withered, and the ovary gradually expanded into a green stick. After about 6-12 months, the fruit matured and the pericarp changed from yellowish green to brown. The fruit is cylindrical and triangular, and the shape of the fruit varies from species to species, which is helpful for identification and classification. The fruit of Cymbidium is short and short, generally about 3-4 cm high, while Cymbidium grows up a little and is stout. The seed fruit of Autumn Orchid is similar to that of Jian Lan and Cymbidium. The cold orchid is similar to the orchid. The fruit of Orchidaceae is a capsule, triangular or hexagonal, with long edges about 0.3 cm thick from the top to the base of each corner, which is called fruit spine. When the fruit is ripe, the ridge column in the center of each petal plane pops open from the top of the capsule, and the petal produces inverted cone-shaped cracks to facilitate seed splashing out of the crack. The orchid seed is very small, as thin as dust, generally in the shape of a long spindle, which is almost indistinguishable to the naked eye. Each seed weighs only 0.3 ~ 0.5 micrograms. It has no endosperm, only a simple embryo, and is covered with a loose, transparent and impervious seed coat. There are many thickened Lignification stripes on the seed coat, and the embryo contains few nutrients, most of which are fatty. Because the orchid seeds are small and numerous (about 10,000 seeds per capsule), and the seed coat has great buoyancy and special resistance to water and moisture, it has no effect on the spread with the current when the seeds are splashed. The germination rate of orchids is very low, and it is not easy to preserve, so it is better to sow seeds after maturity.