The latest Astragalus standardized planting techniques tutorial

Radix Astragali, a traditional Chinese medicine, is a leguminous plant, which is divided into two strains: Astragalus mongolicus and Radix Astragali. Mainly produced in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, Heilongjiang and other provinces and regions, for the national third-level protection plants. Astragalus membranaceus has the functions of tonifying qi and solid surface, promoting diuresis and detumescence, supporting toxin and expelling pus, promoting muscle growth and so on. The medicinal use of Radix Astragali has a history of more than 2000 years. Modern research shows that Radix Astragali contains saponins, sucrose, polysaccharides, a variety of amino acids, folic acid and selenium, zinc, copper and other trace elements. It has the functions of enhancing human immune function, protecting liver, diuresis, anti-aging, anti-stress, reducing blood pressure and extensive antibacterial effect. Astragalus membranaceus has the characteristics of drought resistance and cold resistance, strong adaptability and stable yield, so it is suitable for standardized planting in arid and semi-arid areas.

Select land for deep ploughing

Astragalus membranaceus is a deep-rooted plant, the planting land should choose deep soil layer, loose, fertile soil, good drainage, high dry, sunny neutral or slightly acidic sandy soil, flat land, hills, slopes can be planted. Astragalus membranaceus should not be planted because of high groundwater level, high soil moisture, cohesive soil, low-lying clay or barren sand-gravel soil. After selecting the plot, we should deeply plough and improve the soil. when the autumn crops are harvested, plough the soil more than 30 centimeters to break the bottom of the plough; remove weeds, gravel and residues in the field before ploughing. According to the planting proof of Runkang traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute Base in Heze City, Shandong Province for many years, deep ploughing can thicken the living soil layer, mature the soil, enhance the ability of soil water storage and moisture conservation, improve soil ventilation, promote the activity of microorganisms, and accelerate the decomposition of organic nutrients. Improving soil fertility is conducive to root growth, reducing the formation of lateral roots and the formation of "chicken claw astragalus", which is an effective measure to obtain high quality and high yield of Radix Astragali.

Pre-broadcast preparation

Before sowing, sprinkle 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer or circle fertilizer per mu on the deeply ploughed soil, and apply 100kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 30kg of high-quality diamine per mu according to the soil PH value; then rotary ploughing twice, leveling and raking fine to make a high border or ridge, the border is 25cm high, 1.2m wide, 40cm wide, the border is in the shape of a tortoise back, and drainage ditches are opened all around. High border cultivation not only thickens and loosens the tillage layer, has good drainage, but also absorbs heat and dissipates heat quickly, and has a large temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to the root development and nutrient accumulation of Astragalus membranaceus.

Planting technology

1. Select improved varieties: "selecting improved varieties" is a well-known importance, but it is very difficult to buy improved varieties of traditional Chinese medicine astragalus in the market. At present, most of the seeds used in artificial cultivation of Astragalus membranaceus, whether they are farmers or so-called bases (except for breeding in their own bases), have not been selected and bred year after year, causing serious degradation, poor disease resistance, and yield declining year by year, seriously affecting quality. Medicine farmers grow Astragalus membranaceus, one is to collect roots as medicinal materials, and the other is to collect seeds and sell them can also earn a lot of income, so most of the Astragalus seeds on the market are naturally harvested by Astragalus grown in the field. In addition, people who buy seeds lack technology, only pay attention to the price and germination rate of seeds, do not pay attention to the germination potential of seeds, and do not know what a good seed is; therefore, even selected seeds cannot sell at a high price. Shandong Heze Runkang traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute suggested that when selecting fine seeds of Astragalus membranaceus, in the field of 2-3 years old Astragalus membranaceus, a single plant with the same species character, strong growth potential, no disease, no degeneration and short Internode should be selected as a marker, and the "family planning" measures of removing top and thinning flowers should be adopted and managed separately, harvested and preserved separately, so that they could be used as species for standardized planting of Astragalus membranaceus "GAP".

2, sowing technology: sowing to grab soil moisture sowing, soil moisture is not good to irrigate good soil water.

(1) sowing time: Radix Astragali can be sown in spring, summer and autumn. According to the planting experience of Runkang Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine in Heze City, Shandong Province, spring sowing of Astragalus membranaceus in Huang-Huai area should be carried out before and after "Qingming Festival", no later than "Grain Rain", keep the soil moist, and seedlings can emerge in about 15 days; summer sowing is carried out from June to July, and seedlings can emerge 8 days after sowing; autumn sowing is generally carried out before and after "White Dew". The sowing time is different in different climatic conditions, so it should be mastered flexibly. No matter which area, the spring sowing time must be stable above 12 degrees before sowing (covering plastic film). Summer sowing should be done sooner rather than later, and do a good job of sun protection after the seedlings are unearthed. When sowing in autumn, the temperature in Huang-Huai region is high, so it can be sown in September and emerge before winter; in the cold areas of northeast and northwest, it should be sown before soil freezing and emerge in spring.

(2) sowing method: hole sowing and strip sowing are generally used. Hole sowing, open shallow holes according to the row spacing of 30 cm × 25 cm on the border surface of the good planting land, sow 7 seeds in each hole, cover soil 2 cm thick, and use 1.5 kg of seeds per mu. Strip sowing, open a horizontal trench on the border surface according to the row spacing of 40 cm, the ditch depth is 3 cm, mix the seeds with plant ash and organic fertilizer during sowing, spread them evenly into the ditch, cover the fine soil 1 cm and 2 cm after sowing, and compact slightly. In recent years, when planting in a large area in the Runkang Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine in Heze City, Shandong Province, the improved varieties of Radix Astragali were used to complete the procedures of trenching, sowing, soil covering and suppression with a seeder at one time, which can effectively reduce labor and improve sowing quality. use 2 kg of seeds per mu.

Field management

1. Seedling management: after the seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus come out, the seedlings should be carried out in time to avoid crowding and shading each other, competing for fertilizer and water; when seedlings, remove crowded seedlings, pimple seedlings, thin seedlings. The seedlings were fixed when the height of the seedlings was 10 Mel 12 cm, 3 strong seedlings were left in each hole sown in holes, and 1 strong seedlings were kept every 10 Mel 12 cm in strip sowing. When fixing the seedlings, if there is a lack of seedlings, the large seedlings can be transplanted to replenish the seedlings, which should be carried out in the afternoon or evening on a cloudy or sunny day, and watered after planting.

2. Weeding in mid-tillage: Astragalus seedlings grow slowly, and grass seedlings often grow after emergence, if not paid attention to, it is easy to cause grass famine, so weeds should be weeded in time. Weeding should be combined with ploughing. Mid-ploughing can loosen the soil, cut off soil capillaries, prevent water evaporation, and play the role of preventing drought and preserving soil moisture; after heavy rain and long rain, mid-ploughing plays the role of dispersing soil moisture and removing waterlogging; the first intertillage is carried out when the seedling height is 7ml and 8cm, and the second intertillage is carried out after the seedlings are fixed. The depth of mid-tillage is generally carried out according to the principle of shallow seedling stage, deep adult plant, shallow seedling side and deep row, so that it does not hurt the seedling, bury the seedling, hurt the root and leave no grass. After the second year, it will be ploughed once in April, June and September respectively. According to the planting experience of Runkang Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine in Heze City, Shandong Province, and combined with the standardized production requirements of "GAP", astragalus special herbicide can be sprayed once (herbicide can only be used once a year) in the young stage with more weeds, which can basically ensure that there are no weeds in the field.

3. Fertilizer and water management: in order to meet the nutrient needs of different growth stages and increase the yield, in the same year and the second year, combined with intertillage, weeding and topdressing twice a year. The first topdressing combined with the second intermediate ploughing and weeding was carried out. 1500 kg of compost, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu were mixed evenly and applied in trenches between rows, and then covered with soil. For the second time, after the seedlings withered in winter, 2000 kg of barnyard manure and 50kg of superphosphate and 150kg of cake fertilizer were mixed and applied to the field, and the soil was applied to prevent freezing. The water consumption of Astragalus membranaceus is low at seedling stage. In order to promote root rooting, increase root length and increase astragalus yield, sowing with sufficient moisture can not be watered. If the soil moisture is insufficient and the weather is dry, use small water or interlaced irrigation, do not flood irrigation. In the fruiting seed ripening period, in case of high temperature and drought, we should also irrigate the seeds in time to promote the seeds to mature normally, reduce the hard seed rate and improve the seed quality. Excessive soil moisture in the rainy season will lead to root decay. Plots prone to stagnant water should pay attention to timely drainage and reduce soil moisture in order to facilitate the normal growth of roots.

Harvest and processing

1. Harvest time: according to the planting experience of each technical guidance base of Runkang traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute in Heze City, Shandong Province, the growth years of Astragalus membranaceus in each region are as follows: Huang-Huai region, growing 1-2 years harvest, northwest and northeast regions growing 2-3 years harvest. If the harvest is too early, the quality of Astragalus membranaceus is poor; if it is not harvested for a long time, it is easy to get black heart or Lignification. The harvest time is generally carried out when the plant withered in autumn, or before germination in the following spring, so the root growth is sufficient, the content of accumulated active components is high, and the yield of Radix Astragali is high. When harvesting, we should dig deeply, do not hurt the root, prevent the main root from being cut off, and affect the yield and quality of medicinal materials. In a large area planting base, the aboveground stalks were cut off before harvest, and then harvested at one time with astragalus harvester.

2. Production area processing: after the roots of Astragalus membranaceus are planed, remove the stems and leaves attached to the roots, shake off the soil, take advantage of the fresh cut to remove the Reed head, cut off the whisker roots, that is, dry them, and when the sun is 60 or 70% dry, straighten the roots, tie them into small handfuls, and then dry them all. Avoid strong light exposure when drying, should be placed in a ventilated place, it can be covered with a layer of white paper, sun to all dry or Kang dry. Radix Astragali is best with strong, straight, hard, powdery foot and sweet taste. It is required to be dry, no Reed head, no root, no mildew, no coke, no mud, no impurities.