The latest course of planting techniques and methods of American ginseng

American ginseng is a kind of ginseng, also known as Guangdong ginseng, American ginseng, named after the old name of the United States, originated in the northern United States to southern Canada, mainly in Wisconsin. It is usually divided into American ginseng and Canadian ginseng according to the origin; although the two are of the same variety, the horizontal pattern of the former is more obvious than that of the latter, and the content of active components is higher because of the climate. It can be taken by boiling, stewing, steaming, slicing or grinding into fine powder.

Select a place

Because it likes the cool and humid climate of half yin and half yang and the fertile soil rich in humus because of its permeability and looseness. The planting land of Panax quinquefolium should be selected on the southwest-northeast ventilation road with good afforestation and good drainage or the fertile land on both sides of the river, but not in the open Shaolin zone in front of the mountain and the winter cold wind tunnel in the direction of northwest and southeast. Practice has proved that as long as the scientific application of organic fertilizer and rational use of chemical fertilizer, it is feasible in sandy loam and silty loam which is relatively rich in phosphorus and potassium.

Land preparation

In order to reduce the harm of nematodes and other diseases and pests, Gramineae was better in the previous crop of Panax quinquefolium. Such as wheat and corn stubble after harvest, semi-monthly ploughing and ridging to promote the residue of the previous stubble to decompose and accelerate soil ripening, while applying 6000kg mature pig manure and cow and horse manure (chicken manure, human manure urine is not alkaline) and other crushed fine high-quality organic fertilizer and mature cake fertilizer 50kg and high-quality ternary compound fertilizer 100kg are evenly copied and planed and mixed to 20ml 30cm plough layer. In late autumn, a high border was built every 2 meters, with a height of 25 cm, a top of 1.4 m, a slope ratio of 1 ∶ 1 and a width of 10 cm at the bottom of the ditch. The surface of the border is as thin as possible, and it is covered with fine crushed phosphorous wind fossils of 3 cm (4 cm of planted seedlings), and then covered with 1 Mel 2 cm after sowing. In the middle, more than 50% of 20 grams of carbendazim per square meter should be used for soil disinfection, of which 15 grams should be ploughed and mixed into the soil when ploughing and turning the whole border, and the remaining 5 grams should be mixed into the fossils of phosphorous wind covered with the upper bed of the border when sowing.

Sowing and transplanting

Seed direct seeding, seed 3.5kg per mu, row, plant distance 10 cm, 4 years long can be harvested and planed, so labor-saving and ginseng very long and high yield, but waste mulch, spray is also too much and cost, more importantly, can not meet the market demand for ginseng root thickness, ginseng root price is low. Therefore, the way of raising seedlings first and then transplanting is still adopted in production. When raising seedlings, 3.5kg was raised on 2 minutes with 5 × 6 cm plants and row spacing, and then planed out with 20 × 10 cm rows and plant spacing of about 1 mu after 2 years, and then harvested for two years. American ginseng can not be replanted, and the seedling land can no longer be used to plant American ginseng.

1. Sowing seeds

① seed treatment: the fresh fruit is collected when the ginseng fruit is red in August. Wash the flesh immediately and dry it slightly. Soak the seeds with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim for 10 ℃ for 20 minutes, then soak them with 50ppm's high-quality gibberellin for 24 hours, then fish out and rinse with clean water for 24 hours, then mix with sand (∶ sand = 1 ∶ 3), put it in a cool place in a basin until November, the temperature should be controlled below 25 ℃. The humidity should be 10% of water, 12% of moisture, too wet and easy to rot, so that it can be loosened as soon as it is loosened into a mass. The seed emergence is prosperous in that year, but the seed emergence is weak in the next year.

② sowing time: in late November, 70% of the cracks can be treated by the above method, and about 30% of the cracks without gibberellin treatment can be picked out and sown in batches until the end of December. The rest of the unexploded mouth was put under 0Mel 5 ℃, and it could still burst in February of the following year, and seedlings could also emerge after sowing. Those who burst later could not emerge or could not emerge completely because the low temperature treatment time was less than 70 days and the physiological ripening could not be completed.

③ sowing method: sprinkle 3 centimeters of moist wind fossils on the flattened soil moisture border, sift them evenly, and then flatten them, then sow seeds with standard 5 × 6 cm row spacing punching plate (depth 2 cm) to keep the depth standard consistent, and then sprinkle the wind fossils after sowing to cover the wind fossils and flatten them with a plate to ensure that the sowing depth is 2 cm, and then cover the grass 10 to 15 cm thick, in order to preserve moisture and prevent freezing. Seedlings usually emerge around April 20.

2. Transplant. In order to meet the needs of the market, save land, reduce costs and ensure neat and consistent growth, transplanting usually uses 2-year-old seedlings.

① seedling: after the aboveground part of American ginseng withered from late October to early November, dig the soil along the border, and then start the ginseng root from one end, dig as deep as possible, so as not to damage the ginseng root. And try to get up, select, disinfect and transplant at the same time, and it is easy to lose water and damage heat for a long time, which affects survival. If the planting can not be finished before the end of February and early March, it should be carried out as soon as possible before the bud germinates.

② seedling selection: select ginseng seedlings with strong root system, full bud and no diseases and insect pests, and transplant them into three stages according to their size.

③ disinfection: ginseng seedlings are easy to carry bacteria and need to be disinfected before planting. Generally, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution is used to soak the seedlings for 10 minutes, which has a certain effect on the prevention and treatment of root diseases.

④ transplanting method: planting density: the first grade is 20 × 10 cm, the second grade is 20 × 8 cm, and the third grade is 20 × 6 cm. Oblique planting is better for permeable and drought-prone soil (ginseng seedlings are put into the border at an angle of 45 degrees from the border surface) flat planting is better for those with poor permeability. Thickness of soil cover: 5 cm for first-class seedlings, 4 cm for second-class seedlings, and 3 cm for third-grade seedlings. The wind fossils of the bed 4 cm and the seedlings covered before transplanting should be disinfected with medicine.