A course on the latest cultivation techniques of Fangfeng

Fangfeng is a perennial herb with a height of 30m / 100cm and the whole plant is glabrous. The main root is thick and long, the surface is light brown, scattered protruding lenticels. There are dense brown fibrous petiole residues at the neck. Stem solitary, dichotomously branched. Basal leaves clustered, petiole long, base with leaf sheath, leaf blade long-ovate or triangular-ovate, 2-Mel-3-pinnately divided; cauline leaves smaller, with wider leaf sheaths. Compound umbels terminal; involucral bracts absent, rarely 1; umbellules with 9 flowers, sepals short triangular, conspicuous; petals 5, white. Double hanging fruit, mature fruit yellowish green or dark yellow, long ovate, verrucous, slightly laterally flattened; fruit 5-angled. The florescence is from August to September and the fruiting period is from September to October.

Growth habit

It is suitable for growing in sandy soil with good drainage and loose dry, and can be cultivated in northern China and the Yangtze River basin.

Seeds are easy to germinate and can germinate in the range of 15 ℃. The germination rate of fresh seeds can reach more than 50%. The germination rate of seeds stored for more than one year is significantly reduced, so it is better to use fresh seeds in production. The suitable temperature for Fangfeng germination is 15 ℃, and it can be sowed in spring or autumn. The seeds emerge after sowing in spring for about 20 days and in the spring following autumn sowing.

Planting and cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation: Fangfeng is a deep-rooted plant, and the main root can be as long as 50ml / 60cm. Sandy loam with high topography and good drainage should be selected for planting. Fangfeng is very short, has many bifurcations, and is of poor quality. Fangfeng is a perennial plant, which needs to be fully fertilized when preparing the soil. Each mu of barnyard manure 3000mur4000 kg and calcium superphosphate 15-20kg are used for deep ploughing and fine rake. The north is made into a flat bed 1.3mi 1.7 meters wide, while the rainy area in the south is made into a high border with a width of 1.3 meters and a ditch depth of 25 centimeters.

2. Seed propagation is the main mode of reproduction, and root propagation can also be carried out.

① seed propagation: it can be sown in spring and autumn. Spring sowing in the Yangtze River Basin from late March to mid-April, North China in the first and middle April, autumn sowing in the Yangtze River Basin from September to October, North China sowing before ground freezing and emergence in the following spring. Spring sowing requires soaking the seeds in warm water for 1 day to fully absorb water to facilitate germination. Sow the seeds evenly in the ditch, cover the soil and cover flat, slightly suppress, cover the grass and water, keep the soil moist, and the seedlings can emerge 20-25 days after sowing. Use 2 kg of seeds per mu.

② split root propagation: in harvest or early spring, the root strips with a diameter of more than 0.7cm were cut into small segments 3cm long for seed. According to the plant row spacing of 15 cm × 50 cm, hole depth of 6 mi 8 cm, 1 root segment of each hole, inserted along the planting, covered with soil of 3 mi 5 cm, the reported amount per mu was about 50 kg.

3. Field management

① seedlings: when the seedling height is 5 cm, the plant spacing is 7 cm; when the seedling height is 10 li 13 cm, the plant spacing is 13 cm.

② weeding and soil cultivation: weeding should be carried out many times before June to keep the field clean. When the plant is closed, remove the old leaves first, then cultivate the soil to prevent lodging; when it comes to winter, combine with cleaning the site, and cultivate the soil again to facilitate the root to survive the winter.

③ topdressing: in the first ten days of June or the last ten days of August each year, topdressing should be done once respectively, and ditches were opened with human feces and urine, calcium superphosphate or compost.

④ bolting: plants more than 2 years old should be bolted in time, except for those used to keep seeds.

⑤ irrigation and drainage: the soil should be kept moist during the period from sowing or planting to before emergence. Strong wind and drought resistance, do not need watering, rainy season pay attention to timely drainage, in order to prevent stagnant water rotting roots.

Pest control

1. Powdery mildew: damage to leaves in summer and autumn. Prevention and treatment methods: ① application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, pay attention to ventilation and light transmission; when the onset of ② with 50% topiramine 800-1000 times liquid spray prevention and treatment.

2. Yellow-winged fennel borer: occurs when the bud is in bloom, harming the bud and fruit. Control method: spray 90% trichlorfon 800x liquid or BT emulsion 300x solution in the morning or evening.

3. Yellow Phoenix butterfly: it is harmful since May, and the larvae bite leaves and buds. Control method: ① artificial killing; ② sprays 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times solution at infancy.

Harvesting and processing

It is generally harvested from late October to mid-November in the second year after planting, or before sprouting in spring. Fangfeng, which is propagated by split roots in spring, can be harvested in the same year under the conditions of sufficient water and fertilizer and luxuriant growth. The root of Fangfeng goes deep, and the root is brittle and easy to break. When harvesting, a deep ditch should be opened from one end of the ditch and dug sequentially. Remove the residual stems, leaves and soil, remove the beard hair when the sun is semi-dry, grade according to the thickness of the root, tie it into a small handle of 0.25 kg, and dry it all.

Seed retention technique

Choose biennial plants that grow vigorously and are free of diseases and insect pests. Increase the application of phosphate fertilizer to promote flowering, fruiting and fullness. After the seeds are ripe, cut off the stems and branches, rub the seeds, dry them and store them in a cool place. In addition, you can also select more than 0.7 cm thick roots at harvest, harvest up to planting, or pseudo-planting in situ, such as transplanting in next spring.