The latest course of high-yield planting techniques of Gastrodia elata

Gastrodia elata is a perennial herb, distributed in most parts of the country. Its dry tuber, also known as Gastrodia elata, is a commonly used and more valuable traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly used for headache, dizziness, limb numbness, infantile convulsion, tetanus and so on. Gastrodia elata used to rely on wild resources. After the successful transformation of wild species in the 1970s, Gastrodia elata has become the main source of commodities.

Climatic conditions

1. Bacteria: the sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata must be symbiotic with germinating bacteria and Armillaria mellea seedlings, that is, the embryo growth (early growth) of Gastrodia elata depends on germinating bacteria, and must be symbiotic with Armillaria mellea after embryo formation. Therefore, high quality germinating bacteria and Armillaria mellea should be selected for planting Gastrodia elata.

2. Temperature: Tianma prefers cool environment, the most suitable growth temperature is 10 ℃ 25 ℃, 8 ℃ begins to germinate, and 30 ℃ stops growing. The growth of Armillaria mellea and Gastrodia elata was inhibited when it exceeded 30 ℃.

3, humidity: Gastrodia elata likes to be moist, it is suitable to grow in loose sandy soil, the general humus soil water content reaches 50%-60%, Gastrodia elata grows well. When the soil is wet, it will cause the tuber to rot.

4. Light: Gastrodia elata has little effect on it from planting to harvest, so it is suitable for indoor cultivation. The seeds of Gastrodia elata are cultivated outside the courtyard. After the arrow is unearthed, the stems will be burned by direct sunlight, so it is necessary to build a shed for shade, light and wind protection.

5. Wind: oxygen is very important for the growth and breeding of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea. Indoor and basement cultivation must leave ventilation vents to ensure air circulation, planting Gastrodia elata soil should be loose, which is conducive to ventilation and water seepage.

6. Soil quality: different soil texture has a great influence on the growth of Gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea are suitable to grow in loose sandy soil. The poor drainage of heavy soil is easy to accumulate water, which affects air permeability, resulting in the death of tuber and excessive sandy soil. Poor water retention, easy to cause soil water shortage, also affect the growth of tubers and Armillaria mellea. The soil pH should be cultivated in slightly acidic soil with 5.5mol / L 6.0.

High yield condition

1. Site selection

The place where the direct solar radiation is poor is the best place to grow Gastrodia elata. It can be planted in three different environments: indoor, outdoor and basement, and suitable growth conditions can be created artificially. Sexual reproduction of hemp seed, a hole of hemp seed can be planted in 10 muri 15 holes, planting in the mountains to save labor and materials. In the high cold area, the sunny slope should be planted above 1000m above sea level. Above 500m above sea level, planting on semi-shady and semi-sunny slopes is selected. It is best to choose shady slope planting below 500m.

2. The best sowing date

The principle of sowing time mainly considers temperature, which should be selected at the stage when Gastrodia elata has entered dormancy and Armillaria mellea can continue to germinate and grow: in Shangnan area, the daily average temperature has dropped below 10 ℃, and the best sowing time is more than 5 ℃. The best sowing time for sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata is from March to April in shallow mountain areas (below 800m above sea level) and from April to May in alpine areas (above 800m above sea level). The best sowing time for asexual reproduction is in November in shallow mountain areas and in March in high and cold mountain areas. It can not be planted in areas below 1500m above sea level at the end of March.

3. Sexual reproduction

The yield-increasing technology of sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata is to achieve the yield-increasing effect of "four high" through the planting management of "four new".

"four new", first, new strains, slow transmission of old bacteria, aging of hyphae, and pollution of miscellaneous bacteria; second, new materials to avoid insufficient nutrition; third, new seeds to avoid reducing production due to seed degradation; fourth, new planting methods, new fields, clean sandy soil, small holes, short sticks, and fine wood.

"four high": first, the germination rate is high, and the germination rate is more than 100 times higher than that of traditional planting when sown with sexually propagated Gastrodia elata seeds with high quality germinating bacteria;-- the survival rate is high, and the survival rate of planting with germinating bacteria and Armillaria mellea is 80% higher than that of traditional methods; third, the level of management technology is high, and it is convenient to grow and manage with new methods. Fourth, the yield is high, using sexual reproduction of flax, 60-70cm a litter, each litter of 250g, the yield can reach about 15kg, more than 20 times higher than the traditional seed method.

4. Adjust the climate

The key problem to increase the yield of Gastrodia elata cultivation is to artificially control and adjust the climate to make Gastrodia elata high yield. Artificial moisturizing, temperature control, direct radiation protection from sunlight, rain protection and creating ventilation and drainage conditions are the key technologies for high yield. A shade must be built in summer, especially in low-altitude, easy-to-heat areas before sowing, keeping the temperature at 8 ℃ and soil moisture at 50% and 60%. Rain protection measures should be taken within 40 days after sowing to ensure seed germination. In winter, it is necessary to increase temperature and moisture to prolong the growth time and increase the yield. Cross breeding or cross pollination should be used to cultivate seeds, and 50% phoxim should be used to control insects to ensure survival and prosperity.