The latest course of cultivation techniques and methods of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a plant belonging to Salvia genus of Labiatae. Also known as: purple Salvia miltiorrhiza, red root, blood ginseng, Dahongpao and so on. Danshen root for medicinal purposes, containing tanshinone, cryptotanshinone, carnosol, tanshinone and so on. It tastes bitter and is slightly cold in nature. It has the functions of activating blood circulation, regulating menstruation, removing blood stasis, promoting regeneration, calming nerves, cooling blood, eliminating carbuncle, relieving swelling and relieving pain, etc. it can be use for treating irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain due to blood stasis, arthralgia, neurasthenia, insomnia, palpitation, carbuncle, etc. Modern medicine clinical proof, red sage has the function of dilating blood vessels and improving coronary blood flow, used to treat coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, tachycardia and other diseases, has significant curative effect; also used to treat chronic hepatitis, early cirrhosis and other diseases, also has good effect. Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important raw material for pharmaceutical industry, which needs a large amount. At present, artificial cultivation is available all over the country. Mainly produced in Sichuan, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang and other provinces.

morphological characteristics

Danshen is a perennial herb. Plant height 30~70 cm. Root fleshy, plump, branched, outer skin soil red, yellow white, about 30 cm long. Stems square, villous. Odd pinnate compound leaves, opposite, leaflets 3~7, oval, margin obtusely serrate, both sides are villous. Racemes verticillate, terminal or axillary, flowers pale purple or white, labiate; nutlets 4; elliptic, grayish black at maturity. The flowering period is from May to July and the fruiting period is from June to August.

growth habit

Danshen likes warm, humid and sunny environment. It grows well under the conditions of annual average temperature of 17.15℃ and average relative humidity of 77%. When the temperature is-5℃, the stem and leaf are frozen; the underground roots can be cold resistant and can overwinter in the open air. When the seedlings encounter high temperature and dry weather, they grow stagnant or die. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a deep-rooted plant, which grows well in sandy loam with deep fertile soil, good drainage and medium fertility. The soil is too fertile, ginseng roots do not grow strong; in waterlogging, poor drainage of low-lying land will cause rotten roots. Soil pH near neutral is good. Danshen grows poorly in sandy or sticky soil.

After turning green, the stems and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza grow rapidly from March to April. After the fruit matures, the plants die. After the seedlings fall, new buds and leaves grow again and enter the second growth. The mother plant generally has 3~5 ramets. It begins to branch from the first ten days of April and gradually takes out flower stems. The flower stems are few in autumn, only one third of those in spring. The long sunshine time in July to August is beneficial to root growth.

reproductive mode

To sub-root, reed-based propagation, seed sowing and cuttage propagation can also be.

1. Sub-root propagation. When the Salvia miltiorrhiza is harvested in autumn, the root strips with red color, no rot, full development and diameter of 0.7~ 1cm are selected as seed roots, and stored with wet sand until planting in the following spring. Can also choose to keep healthy growth, no pests and diseases of the plant in situ do not dig, reserved for seed plants, to be planted when digging with planting. Spring planting: in February to March of early spring, dig holes on the flat and finely harrowed planting land surface according to the row spacing of 33 - 35 cm and the plant spacing of 2 ~ 3 - 25 cm, and the depth of the holes is 5 - 7 cm. Apply proper amount of manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizer as base fertilizer at the bottom of the holes and mix well with the subsoil. Then, the diameter of 0.7~1.0 cm thick tender roots, cut into 5~7 cm long segments as seed roots, big head upward, each hole upright planted into a section, planted covered with fire ash, and then covered with fine soil thickness of about 2 cm. It should not be too thick, otherwise it is difficult to sprout; it cannot be planted upside down, otherwise it will not sprout. About 50 kilograms of roots are needed per mu. Because of the low temperature in the north, plastic film mulching can be used to cultivate seedlings.

2. Reeds breed. When collecting and digging the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the plants with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests are selected, the thick roots are cut off for medicinal purposes, the fine roots with a diameter of 0.6 cm and the reeds on the foundation are cut off for seed planting, holes are dug according to the row spacing of 33 * 23 cm, and the method of root division is the same, and the holes are planted. Finally cover fine soil 2~3 cm thick, slightly compacted.

3. Seed propagation. Select sunbeds for sowing in late March. The width of the ridge is 1.3 meters, and the row spacing is 33 cm. The groove depth is 1 cm. Because the seeds of Salvia miltiorrhiza are small, they should be mixed with fine sand and evenly scattered into the groove. The soil should not be too thick. After sowing, cover the film with no seeds. Keep warm. When the local temperature reaches 18~22℃, the seedlings can emerge in about half a month. After emergence, the seedlings are perforated on the plastic film, thinned when the seedlings are 6 cm high, and transplanted after cultivation until late May. In the south, it is suitable to sow seeds in June after maturity, and the emergence is the highest. It can also be planted around autumn.

4. Cutting propagation. April to May in the south and July to August in the north. First irrigate and moisten the bed surface of the seedbed, then cut the healthy stems and branches, cut them into 17~20 cm long, insert the cuttings obliquely into the soil, the depth is 1/2~1/3 of the cuttings, cut and insert, do not stand for a long time, otherwise the seedling rate will be affected. After cutting, keep the bed soil moist and shade properly, and take root in about half a month. When the roots are 3 cm long, they are planted in the field.

Among the above four propagation methods, the highest yield was obtained by using reed head as propagation material. The second is root propagation.