The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Eucommia ulmoides

Eucommia ulmoides, produced in central and southwest China, is endemic to China. Eucommia ulmoides has been introduced to botanical gardens in Europe and the United States, known as "Chinese rubber tree". Although it is not related to the rubber tree, the bark of Eucommia ulmoides is human medicine. The oil content of the seed is up to 27%. Wood is a valuable plant for construction and furniture.

Growing environment

In its natural state, Eucommia ulmoides grows in low mountains, valleys or sparse forests on low slopes at an altitude of 300 to 500 meters above sea level. it is not strict in the selection of soil, and can grow in barren red soil or rocky cliffs. Like sunny, mild and humid climate, cold-resistant. Soil requirements are not strict, hills, plains can be planted, can also use sporadic land or four sides of cultivation. Eucommia ulmoides is hardy and can withstand a low temperature of at least − 30 ℃.

Reproduction method

Eucommia ulmoides can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, striping and grafting. Seed reproduction is the main method in production.

The main results are as follows: 1. Seed propagation is suitable for fresh, full, yellowish brown and glossy seeds to be sown in November-December in winter or when the monthly average temperature in spring is more than 10 ℃. Generally, it is suitable to sow in winter in warm areas and in autumn or spring in cold areas, so as to meet the low temperature conditions for seed germination. Seeds should not be dry, so it is appropriate to sow seeds while they are fresh. If spring sowing is needed, the seeds should be stratified after seed collection, and the ratio of seeds to wet sand is 1:10. Or before sowing, soak the seeds in 20 ℃ warm water for 2-3 days, change the water 1-2 times a day, take out the seeds after expansion, dry slightly before sowing, the germination rate can be increased. Strip sowing, row spacing 20-25 cm, seed amount 8-10 kg per mu, cover grass after sowing, keep the soil moist, in order to facilitate seed germination. After the seedlings are unearthed, remove the cover grass on a cloudy day. It can produce 30,000-40,000 seedlings per mu.

2. Softwood cuttings propagate at the turn of spring and summer, cut annual twigs, cut cuttings of 5-6 cm, cut into nursery bed, penetrate 2-3 cm deep, and take root after 15-30 days at soil temperature 21-25 ℃. If 0.05 ml / L is used. When the cuttings were treated with acetic acid for 24 hours, the survival rate of cuttings was more than 80%.

3. When the root is propagated in the nursery, the seedling root is trimmed, the root with a diameter of 1-2 cm is cut into a root segment with a length of 10-15 cm, and the thick end is slightly exposed to the surface. The new shoots can germinate under the cross section, and the seedling rate can reach more than 95%.

4. Striping propagation in spring, strong branches are selected and pressed into the soil, which is 15 cm deep. When the tiller is as high as 7-10 cm, the soil is compacted. After 15-30 days, new roots can occur at the base of sprouting. Dig in late autumn or the following spring, separate the sprouting tillers one by one and plant them.

5. Grafting propagation uses two-year-old seedlings as rootstocks, selects one-year-old branches from excellent female parent trees as scions, cuts them on rootstocks in early spring, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%.

Sowing and raising seedlings

1. Pre-broadcast preparation

Put the seeds into a plastic souvenir bag, hang them in a cool and ventilated place, and sow them directly into the border in late December. The seeds of Eucommia ulmoides were collected at the end of October, hung and stored, soaked in clean water for 1-2 days in late December, changed the water once a day, and added less copper sulfate or ammonium benzoate (zinc) and carbendazim in the last change of water, so as to kill the bacteria and filter them so that they could spread without sticking hands when sowing, and sow seeds directly into the border. The life span of Eucommia ulmoides seeds is 1 year, and the seed germination rate is closely related to maturity and freshness. the germination rate of mature seeds is low, and the germination rate of spring sowing is even lower.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization

Choose Shatian or sandy loam field, plough and rake repeatedly for 2 or 3 times before sowing. The compound fertilizer "stubble" before the last ploughing and harrowing. Make a 1-meter border, cut 20-25 cm deep, apply ring fertilizer or sprinkle compound fertilizer and vegetable cake in the ditch, or use human and animal urine feces to make the bottom, covering soil 1.5-2 cm below the border surface.

3. Planting into the bed

In the ditch where the base fertilizer is applied, put a seed between 5 cm or sprinkle it sparsely and evenly in the ditch, and those who are too dense will pick up another sparse place. Cover vegetation ash mixed with soil or fine soil 1.5 cm. Along the ditch on the border, the rice and thatch are kept warm. The cover grass does not need to be too thick, so as not to bring out the seedlings when lifting the grass.

4. Rodent control, insect control and disease prevention

After covering the bed with straw, the rats were attracted very quickly, and the rats bit Eucommia ulmoides seeds very seriously. Rats must be trapped and killed immediately. 15 to 20 days ago, the seedlings were unearthed, that is, 1:3 carbofuran and loess were used to mix the border noodles and poison the tigers. Basically, the seedlings were ripped off the straw and thatch, and then sprinkled with 1:4 birthday parasite, plant ash and fine soil. Dry shrunken seeds or due to drought during the filling period of Eucommia ulmoides seeds, the meat inside the seeds is black, do not have the fluke mentality of "paving and watching", let alone raise seedlings together with strong seeds to prevent them from becoming infected with blight after emergence.