The latest course of cultivation techniques and methods of Polygonum multiflorum

Polygonum multiflorum belongs to perennial twining vine climbing plant, growth is slow, it is generally believed that wild polygonum multiflorum to grow more than three years, in order to form a larger root tuber as medicinal. In recent years, due to the purchase of drug dealers, farmers random mining, resulting in serious destruction of wild polygonum multiflorum resources, facing depletion. In order to protect and develop the precious Chinese medicinal materials resources, the cultivation techniques of Polygonum multiflorum are introduced as follows:

Sexual reproduction of Polygonum multiflorum

Seed collection and storage: firstly, fine single plants with pure varieties, no diseases and insect pests and healthy growth and development are collected as mother plants for seed collection. When the seeds of Polygonum multiflorum mature, the appearance changes from white to brown, and the interior becomes black, they need to be harvested in time, otherwise the seeds will naturally fall off. Harvested seeds due to high moisture content, easy to rot and infection of diseases and insect pests, thus losing germination ability, so must be dried before they can be put into sacks or sand bags, placed in ventilated dry storage, do not use plastic bags to store seeds.

1) Choose the land. The soil selection of Polygonum multiflorum seedlings is strict, and it is suitable for deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, convenient water source and irrigation. After the seedbed is determined, the weeds should be removed before flowering in the first year, so as to avoid the competition between weeds and polygonum multiflorum seedlings for nutrients and light in the second year, which is the key to the success of seedling raising.

2. Soil preparation. After the seedbed is deeply turned, it can be exposed to sunlight for 15 to 20 days to reduce pests and diseases in the soil. Where conditions permit, use branches and pine feathers to pile on the seed and set fire once, which can greatly reduce weeds, reduce diseases and insect pests, and improve soil fertility. Then soil preparation, combined with the application of base fertilizer. 10kg of high-quality farm manure per square meter is required, and after application, it is dug once, weed roots are removed, and the flat surface is finely grasped.

3. Manage the soil. Generally, after sowing, due to severe spring drought, mainly rely on artificial irrigation, should be flat soil moisture is appropriate, soil moisture width 1.5m, surrounded by a ridge, ridge width 30cm, conducive to water and fertilizer conservation.

4. Sowing. The results of many years 'experiments proved that the best sowing season of Polygonum multiflorum was "Jingzhe" in March. Too early, low temperature, can not meet the needs of seed germination temperature, not only will not emerge, but also rotten seeds; too late, although the emergence after sowing fast, but the best growth period is short, adverse to seedling growth. The seeds of Polygonum multiflorum are small and should be broadcast. Sowing quantity is 4~6g per square meter. Before sowing, gently pat the topsoil of soil surface with tools. The soil gap should not be too large. If the soil is too deep, seedlings will not emerge. At the same time, it is necessary to choose to mix fine soil or plant ash in the morning or evening when there is no wind. After sowing, it is suitable to cover the soil surface with sieved fine soil and a small amount of farm manure, with a thickness of 0.1 ~0.2cm. Then spread a layer of pine hair, with a thickness of 1/5 visible to the naked eye.

5. Seedbed management

① Pour water thoroughly. Polygonum multiflorum seeds are small, watering must be sprayed with a watering can many times, can not be directly irrigated with water. After that, when it is sunny, water it lightly once every day after 10 a.m. or 5 p.m.; after 20~25 days of seedling emergence, water it twice every 2~3 days.

2. Weeding. After polygonum multiflorum is sown, weeds come out first. Weeding should be done in time and watering should be done as appropriate. Weed every 10 days or so.

③ topdressing. 60 days after seedling emergence, 100kg water plus 0.2~ 0.3 kg compound fertilizer or urea can be sprayed, the concentration should be light, the frequency should be more, spraying once every 10~15 days. In the middle and late stages of seedlings, compound fertilizer or urea with concentration of 0.5%~1% can be sprayed, or 50kg water and 5~8kg manure can be applied.

④ Thinning seedlings. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, overdense and weak seedlings must be removed. The first thinning is carried out about 30 days after the seedling is unearthed; the second thinning is carried out about 50 days after the seedling is unearthed; the third thinning is called seedling control, and one plant is basically reserved at an interval of 3~ 4 cm. Thinning seedlings should be early rather than late, otherwise it will cause excessive growth of seedlings. Water should be properly watered after each thinning.

5. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. At present, the pests found in seedbeds are mainly cutworms, which can be killed manually or controlled by 1:2000 times of enemy spray. Powdery mildew was the main disease. Bordeaux mixture (1:1:200) could be sprayed before disease onset, and carbendazim solution (500~800) could be sprayed when disease onset.

Asexual propagation of Polygonum multiflorum

1. Stem cutting propagation method

(1) Chemical treatment: cut the stem base and middle part of wild or domestic Polygonum multiflorum before germination into 10~20cm long in February and March, reserve 2~3 node buds, bundle dozens of roots into small bundles, soak roots with rooting powder No.1, No.2, No.3, acetic acid and 2.4-D respectively, refer to the instructions for specific concentration, and pay attention not to use iron and copper containers to contain solution. The method can also be used for the second batch of cuttage seedlings after the young vines of Polygonum multiflorum germinate in May to June. The survival rate of two batches of cuttings can reach more than 80%.

(2) In February ~ March and May ~ June, the stem segments of young vines were treated as above, and then the base of stem segments were dipped in alcohol or plant ash, and the survival rate was above 70%.

3. After the young vine germinated in May and June, the survival rate of direct cuttings could reach more than 50% without any treatment of stem segments. In short, no matter what kind of cuttage treatment stem must be in the same day cuttage seedbed, plant spacing 10cm×20cm, seedbed is best loose raw soil or no fertilizer, 2~5 days irrigation-water and normal management.

2. Root propagation method

Digging tuber roots of Polygonum multiflorum from August to September or February to March, selecting small and medium-sized tuber roots or stem bases of tuber roots as seeds, planting in loose and fertile plots, plant spacing of 10cm × 20cm, irrigating root water once after sowing, and managing normally after emergence.

The seedbed plot of cuttage and root seedling must strengthen intertillage and weeding. When the new seedling grows to 20~30cm, 2~3kg compound fertilizer must be evenly applied to 100kg water.