The latest course of cultivation techniques and methods of Morinda officinalis

Morinda officinalis is the dry root of Morinda officinalis of Rubiaceae, also known as Morinda officinalis, chicken intestinal wind, with the function of tonifying kidney yang, strengthening muscles and bones, and dispelling rheumatism. Mainly produces Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and other provinces and autonomous regions, cultivated or wild.

The morphological characteristics of Morinda officinalis

Perennial woody vines. The root is cylindrical, contracted into a string of beads, like chicken intestines. Stems Terete, grayish green or dark brown, branchlets initially hairy, later scabrid. Leaves opposite, rectangular orbicular, initially hairy above, hirsute along midrib below. Umbels, Corolla white. The fruit is nearly spherical and red. There are 4 seeds of lmer, subovoid. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruit ripening period is from August to October.

The growth habit of Morinda officinalis

Native to the subtropical and tropical humid and humid secondary forests, the suitable temperature for growth is 20 ℃ 25. It likes warmth and is afraid of cold. Suitable climatic conditions for growth, annual average temperature above 20 ℃, below 0 ℃ and low temperature frost often lead to fallen leaves, or even frostbite or death. The average annual precipitation is 1600mm. Young plants like yin and adults like yang. The soil is required to be deep, fertile and moist. Fertile paddy soil, soil with too much nitrogen, fleshy roots grow very little, and the yield is not high.

Wild distribution in most of the mountains of Guangdong Province under the valley forest. Since the 1960s, wild transplanting and introduction cultivation have been successful.

Propagation methods of Morinda officinalis

Morinda officinalis is commonly used for cutting, root tuber and seed propagation.

1. Cuttage propagation

Selection and interception of ① cuttings: select one-or two-year-old pest-free, sturdy rattan stems, cut from the mother plant, cut into a single node 5 cm long, or 10 cm 15 cm branches with 2 Mel 3 nodes as cuttings. The internodes at the upper end of the cuttings should not be long and cut flat, and the lower end should be cut into an oblique notch. The knife edge should be sharp when cutting seedlings, and do not crack the cutting mouth. The leaves were retained in the first section of the upper end, and the leaves of other nodes were cut off, and then cut. If the cuttings cannot be inserted in time, dip the roots with greyish yellow mud and plant them in a shady and wet place.

② cutting season: generally more before and after the spring Rain Water is appropriate, when the temperature has picked up, more and more rainfall, easy to survive after cutting.

③ cutting method: the cuttings can be trenched according to 15ml 20cm, and then the cuttings can be placed in the trench neatly and obliquely according to the 2cm plant spacing, and the cuttings are covered with yellow core or sterilized fine soil, and the cuttings are slightly exposed to the ground, generally taking root 20 days after cutting, with a survival rate of more than 80%. In order to promote rooting, cuttings can be treated with growth hormone.

2. Root propagation

① root selection and interception: the seedlings with uniform root hypertrophy, undamaged root bark and no diseases and insect pests were selected and cut into small segments with a length of 10 Mel 15 cm. Or in the harvest of Morinda officinalis, select from the small roots that can not be used as commercial medicinal materials.

② root seedling raising method: in the whole seedling bed, the root was trenched according to the row spacing of 15ml / 20cm, then the root was placed in the trench according to the plant spacing of 5cm, and compacted with soil, so that the root was slightly exposed to the soil surface of about 1cm.

3. Seed propagation

The sturdy plants without diseases and insect pests were selected as the mother plants, and the management was strengthened to ensure more flowering and fruiting. As the seeds should not be stored for a long time, it is best to sow along with them, preferably from October to November. The seeds stored by stratification should be carried out from March to April of the following year.

Sowing row spacing 3 cm × 3 cm, sowing density should not be too large. After sowing, it is appropriate to cover with sifted yellow soil or burning soil about 1 cm deep. After 1-2 months, the seeds can sprout, and the survival rate of seedlings can reach about 90%.

Cultivation techniques of Morinda officinalis

1. Land selection and land preparation

It is appropriate to choose the sandy loam with a certain slope under the sparse forest or the middle and lower sunny hilly land covered with trees, and the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile. If the shrubby woodland, should be in winter, remove forest weeds to burn charcoal as fertilizer, can also retain some trees for shade, such as litsea cubeba, camphor trees and other volatile roots, serious harm to the growth of Morinda officinalis, to be cleaned by turning the soil deeply. Open up wasteland and turn the soil in winter, and set up a border on the horizontal slope in spring, making a border with a width of 1 meter and a height of 20 centimeters, using fire and burning soil of 1000 Mu and 1500 kg per mu as base fertilizer.

2. Field management

① shading: after cutting, set up a shade shed or insert awn dustpan to shade, the canopy density can reach 70% more than 80%. With the seedling rooting, survival and growth, the light transmittance should be gradually increased, and the canopy density in the later stage of seedling cultivation should be controlled at about 30%.

Weeding in ②: weeding twice a year in the first two years after planting, that is, weeding once in May and October respectively. As the root system of Morinda officinalis is shallow and brittle, it is easy to hurt the root with a hoe, resulting in the death of the plant. The weeds around the stem base of the plant should be pulled out by hand, combined with weeding to cultivate the soil, so as not to let the root show the soil surface.

③ fertilization: when the seedlings grow 1-2 pairs of new leaves, you can start to apply fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, such as soil miscellaneous fertilizer, burning soil, rotten calcium superphosphate, plant ash and other mixed fertilizer, 1000ml 2000 kg per mu. Do not apply ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, pig urine, cow urine. If the acidity of the planting land is large, lime can be properly applied, 50Mu 60kg per mu.

④ pruning vines: Morinda officinalis sprawls everywhere, often the vines are too long, especially the three-year-old plants, because the stems and leaves are too long, affecting root growth and matter accumulation. The over-long part of the aged green stem can be cut off in winter, leaving the young red-purple stem vine to promote the growth of the plant and concentrate the nutrition on the root.