The latest breeding method of Forsythia suspensa

Forsythia is also known as yellow flower strip, forsythia shell, forsythia, forsythia, Huang Qidan and so on. Forsythia suspensa belongs to deciduous shrub of Oleaceae, and its fruit can be used as medicine. It can be propagated by seed, cuttage, pressing, split and other methods. Let's take a look at the breeding methods of Forsythia suspensa.

Ramet propagation

After "Frosts Descent" or before sprouting in spring, the young strips that occurred next to the tree for more than 3 years were shaved out with soil or the whole tree was shaved out for transplanting. Generally, one tree can be divided into 3 Mustang and 5 trees. The key to using this method is to make each small plant with a little fibrous root, so that the survival rate is high and the effect is quick.

Striping propagation

Striping propagation is that the drooping branches of the plant are buried in the soil in spring and cut off from the mother plant in the following spring.

Cuttings propagation

1. Cutting time: it can be cut after defoliation in autumn or before sprouting in spring, but it is better in spring, it is more in the south than in the early spring, and it is more in summer in the north.

2. Treatment of cuttings: select 1-2-year-old robust twigs and cut them into cuttings that are 30 cm long. The top cut should be 0.8cm away from the first node, and each section must have 2-3 nodes, and then the lower end of the cuttings must be cut into a plane near the node. In order to improve the survival rate of cuttings, the cuttings can be divided into 50 cuttings and a bundle of cuttings with 500ppmABT rooting powder or 500-1000ppm indole butyric acid solution. Soak the base of the cuttings (1-2 cm) for 10 seconds and take them out to dry.

3, cutting method: before cutting, rake the seedling bed fine and flat, make a high border, 1.5 meters wide, according to the row spacing of 20 × 10 cm, obliquely insert into the border, insert 18-20 cm deep into the soil, expose the uppermost section of the branch to the ground, and then bury the soil for compaction, and often water the soil during drought to keep the soil moist, but not too wet, otherwise the cuttings will blacken and rot. Under normal management, the seedling rate of cuttings can be as high as 90%. To strengthen field management, the height of seedlings can reach more than 50 cm after autumn, and can be planted in the following spring.

Seed propagation

1. Seed collection: the dominant mother plant should be selected. The dominant single tree with strong growth, short and sturdy branches, dense and full flowers and fruits, no diseases and insect pests and pure varieties was selected as the mother tree. Pay attention to observe the period of flowering and fruiting, and grasp the appropriate time to collect seeds. It should be collected in time to avoid the seeds falling off after maturity. Ripe fruits are generally collected from mid-September to early October. Forsythia fruit with mature, full, large and heavy grains should be picked, then spread thinly in a ventilated and cool place, and threshed after drying. After careful selection to remove miscellaneous, select neat, full and disease-free seeds, storage and retention of seeds.

2. Seed storage: the seed storage of Forsythia suspensa seeds under different conditions has a great effect on its germination rate as high as that of dryer storage.

3. Sowing time: forsythia seeds are easy to germinate, so it should be said that seeds are suitable to germinate at higher temperatures. According to the seed storage and germination, combined with practical experience, the cultivation time can be arranged in spring or winter, spring sowing in the first and middle of April, and winter sowing before freezing.

4. Seed treatment: the seed coat of Forsythia suspensa seed is hard, without pretreatment, direct seeding nursery, it takes more than 1 month to germinate and unearth. Therefore, sprouting treatment can be carried out before sowing, and this method can be used in new introduction areas. The specific method is to select mature and full seeds, soak them in about 30 ℃ of warm water for about 4 hours, fish out, mix wet sand 3 times and pack them in wooden boxes or small vats, cover them with plastic film, place them in the leeward and sunny place, turn them twice a day, and often keep them moist. After more than 10 days, the seeds germinate and can be sowed.

5. Sowing method: seedlings can emerge 9 days after sowing, and seedlings can emerge 20 days earlier than seeds without pretreatment. If the land is dry, water is first watered into the border and sown when the topsoil is slightly loose. Spring sowing before and after Qingming Festival, winter sowing before freezing (seeds do not need treatment, seedlings can emerge the next year). When sowing, on the finished border surface, open a ditch with a depth of 1 cm according to the row spacing of 20-25 cm, mix the seeds with fine sand, spread them evenly into the ditch, cover the soil flat, and suppress them slightly.

6. Post-sowing management: seedlings can be unearthed in 10-15 days, and the amount of seeds used per mu is about 2-3 kg. Cover the soil should not be too thick, generally about 1 cm, and then cover the grass to keep moist. After the seeds were unearthed, the grass was unearthed immediately. When the seedling height is 10 cm, the seedling is fixed according to the plant distance of 10 cm, and when the seedling height is about 30 cm in the first ten days of April of the following year, it can be transplanted in the field.

7. Direct seeding in the field: open holes according to row spacing of 2 meters and plant spacing of 1.5 meters, apply compost and plant ash, mix with soil, start sowing from late March to early April, or sow more than 10 seeds in each hole before freezing in late autumn. cover soil after sowing and press lightly. Be careful to sow when the soil moisture is good.