The latest course of High-yield cultivation techniques of Lycium barbarum

Chinese wolfberry tree is a multi-branched shrub plant of Lycium barbarum in Solanaceae. It is often born on hillsides, wastelands, hills, saline-alkali lands, roadsides and houses beside villages. The famous producing areas of Chinese wolfberry in China are Ningxia and Qinghai. Besides being wild, they are also cultivated for medicine, vegetables or greening. Let's take a look at the high-yield cultivation techniques of Chinese wolfberry trees.

Growth habits of Lycium barbarum

Lycium barbarum is a kind of perennial shrub cash crop which is tolerant to drought, barren and saline. The economic age has reached 15 years. Lycium barbarum has strong adaptability and can be cultivated in areas where the average annual temperature is between 5 and 20 ℃. Chinese wolfberry likes sunshine and requires strong light. There is no strict requirement for soil, and it can be planted in loam, sandy soil or poor saline-alkali soil. In terms of varieties, there are mainly Ningqi No. 1, Ningqi No. 2, Ningqi No. 3, Ningqi No. 4, and Mengqi No. 1 in China.

Construction of Chinese wolfberry seedling nursery

1. Nursery site selection: Chinese wolfberry nursery land should be selected on flat sandy loam soil. It is necessary to establish a good drainage and irrigation system to facilitate water diversion and irrigation in times of drought and little rain. The groundwater level of the seedling land is required to be below 1.5 meters, and the soil salt content is less than 0.2%.

2. Apply sufficient basic fertilizer: Lycium barbarum is a kind of high fertilizer-tolerant plant. The growth of Lycium barbarum at seedling stage is directly related to the application of basal fertilizer before seedling. Fertilization in the nursery is mainly based on rotten farm manure and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and barnyard manure are all fine for basic application. Diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are selected as chemical fertilizers. Sprinkle fertilizer on the nursery before ploughing. The application rate of farm manure is 2500-4000 kg per mu, diammonium phosphate is 10 kg, and potassium sulfate is 5 kg.

3. Deep digging of soil preparation: after applying sufficient basic fertilizer. First of all, it is necessary to carry out deep turning and leveling, and the depth of turning soil is between 20cm and 25cm, so as to facilitate the growth and development of seedling roots in the future. After the soil is turned over, it can be properly dried for 2-3 days. Before raising seedlings, rake is used to flatten and crush the soil for 1 or 2 times, the flatter the better, the finer the soil, the better. Then remove weeds, stones and other debris.

Seed breeding of Lycium barbarum

1. Making bed and trenching: seed breeding is generally carried out in spring every year. Make the nursery ground into a flat bed 4 meters long and 2 meters wide. The surface of the border should be flat and the soil should be fully crushed. Then in the flat bed surface, pull a straight line, trench along the straight line, every 40 cm, open a row of 2 cm deep shallow trench, as a sowing hole.

2, soil pest control: before sowing, prepare fine sand, disinfection agents, generally we choose, virus, insect and fungicide. If 80 kg of fine sand is used per mu, the amount of medicine used will be 300 to 400 grams. When ready, pour the medicine into 1 kilogram of water and stir well. Then pour the liquid into the fine sand and mix well with a shovel. Then cover the plastic film and stew the soil for 24 hours to soak the liquid into the soil. After enough time, uncover the film and take out the treated fine sand and set aside.

3. Seed dressing and sowing: when sowing, add fine river sand equivalent to 6 to 7 times the amount of seeds, and mix seeds. Because the seeds of Chinese wolfberry are small, mixing seeds with fine river sand can make the sowing more uniform. Sow seeds in a pot in one hand and sow seeds in the other, trying to be meticulous and uniform. After the sowing is completed, we will also scatter the treated fine sand into the sowing hole, not too thick, in order to kill the beetles, ground tigers and other pests that destroy the roots of Chinese wolfberry. Finally, keep your feet on the ground. Make the seeds in close contact with the deep soil, and the sowing work is finished.

4. Plucking the soil and covering the film: next, we should remove the soil on both sides of the seeding hole to prevent the coarse granular soil from rolling into the hole, pressing down the seeds and hindering the germination of the seeds. Leveling the soil in this way is also beneficial to mulching to increase the soil temperature. When covering the film, it is operated by many people, usually one to two people fix one end, another person lays the film, one person shovels the earth and presses the edge, and finally completes the film covering. Where the temperature is suitable, there is no need to cover the seeds with plastic film.

Cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum

1. Cutting time: the cutting time of Chinese wolfberry trees is generally from the end of March to the first ten days of April in spring. The first thing before cutting is to determine the female parent ear picking nursery. In the Chinese wolfberry orchard, the plots with good varieties, good growth and no diseases and insect pests are selected as the female parent ear-picking nursery for hardwood cuttings.

2. Cuttings collection: cuttings collection is also carried out from March to April. Select the branches that are about 0.5-1cm thick and completely Lignified on the mother tree in the ear-picking nursery. Cut it off with a pruning. After harvesting, the cuttings are pruned. Under the scissors, the end of the root will be cut at an angle of 45 degrees, and the top part of the growth and sprouting will be cut flat. The length of the cuttings is about 13 cm. Not too long, not too short, so as not to affect survival and hair roots.

3. Cuttage treatment: cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone-naphthalene acetic acid and alcohol. First, the rooting hormone mononaphthylacetic acid was dissolved in alcohol and diluted to 15~20ppm. The rooting part of the cuttings was put into the rooting solution, and the soaking depth was about 3-4 cm. The soaking time is 24 hours.

4. Soil preparation and ridging: flatten the soil in the nursery and break it up with a rake. Cuttings are raised on the seedbed according to the standard of 4 meters long, 90 centimeters wide and 60 centimeters high. After getting up, the soil on both sides of the ridge will be opened with a shovel to make a small ditch, which is easy to press the thermal insulation film after cutting.

5. Cutting method: when cutting, the soaked rooting part is facing down and inserted in the ditch. The distance between cuttings should be kept at about 15 cm. The height of cuttings exposed to soil is 1 cm to 2 cm. Fill the soil with your hands immediately after inserting a line, and then stabilize the soil with your feet. In order to raise the ground temperature and make the cuttings survive early, the cuttings in the northern region are covered with degradable plastic film, and plastic film mulching is not needed where the temperature is suitable. The biggest advantage of hardwood cuttage is that the seedlings can maintain the excellent characters of the female parent, early fruit and high yield.