The latest course on planting techniques and methods of evening primrose

Evening primrose is an erect biennial coarse herb of the genus Evening Primrose in the willow family, also known as evening primrose, evening primrose, mountain sesame, wild sesame, etc., native to North America, and rapidly spread to the temperate and subtropical regions of the world after its early introduction into Europe. It has been cultivated in Northeast, North, East and Southwest China and has long been reduced to escape. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Evening Primrose.

Planting environment of evening primrose

Evening primrose is adaptable, acid-resistant and drought-resistant, and its requirements for soil are not strict. Generally, it can grow on neutral, slightly alkaline or slightly acidic soil, well-drained and loose soil. In places where the soil is too wet, the root is easy to get sick. There are annual plants in the north and biennial plants in the south of the Huaihe River. Changsheng open barren slope roadside, drought-resistant and barren, black soil, sandy soil, loess, young woodland, light saline-alkali land, wasteland, river beaches, slopes are suitable for planting.

Seed propagation of evening primrose

Evening primrose can be sown in spring and autumn, and the autumn sowing period is from the middle of October to before freezing. If winter snow is heavy, autumn sowing is better than spring sowing, winter snow is easy to cause lack of seedlings and broken strips. Spring sowing can be carried out before sowing wheat and when the soil thaws 2cm to 3cm. Due to the small amount of sowing, 60 kg diammonium per hectare is used as filler, and if it is not enough, a certain amount of dry sawdust or fried wheat and rape can be added to sow seeds with a depth of 1 cm to 2 cm and be suppressed in time after sowing. The amount of seeds per hectare is 6 kg, and the seedling protection is 40 ~ 500000 plants per hectare. The density of sowing should not be too small, otherwise there will be branches and the maturity period will be inconsistent.

Cutting technique of evening primrose

1. Cuttage: the branches used for cutting Evening Primrose are called cuttings, which are usually combined with heart-picking work to take the sturdy, disease-free top tips as cuttings. The optimum temperature for rooting of cuttings was 18-25 ℃. It was difficult and slow for cuttings with rooting below 18 ℃. Cuttings with cuttings higher than 25 ℃ were susceptible to bacterial infection and rot, and the higher the temperature, the greater the proportion of rotting.

2. Temperature management: when there is a low temperature after cutting, the main measure of heat preservation is to wrap the flowerpots or containers used for cutting with film. When the temperature is too high after cutting, the main measure to reduce the temperature is to shade the cuttings, to cover 50-80% of the sun, and to spray the cuttings 3-5 times a day, with more times of spraying when the temperature is higher in sunny days and lower in rainy days. The number of spraying is less or no spraying.

3. Humidity management: the relative humidity of the air must be kept at 75-85% after cutting. You can increase the humidity by spraying the cuttings 1-3 times a day, the higher the temperature in sunny days, the more times you spray, and the lower the temperature in cloudy and rainy days, the less or no spraying. But with excessive spraying, cuttings are easy to be infected by bacteria and rot, because many kinds of bacteria exist in the water.

4. Light management: cutting propagation is inseparable from sunlight, but the stronger the light is, the higher the temperature in the cuttings is, the stronger the transpiration of cuttings is, and the more water is consumed, which is not conducive to the survival of cuttings. Therefore, after cutting, the sun must be shaded by 50% to 80%. After the root system grows, the shading net is gradually removed. On a sunny day, the sunscreen is removed at 4:00 every afternoon, and the next day before 9:00, the sunscreen is covered.

Planting technique of evening primrose

1. Land selection and land preparation: evening primrose is strong, cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant, light-loving and waterlogging-resistant. Bean stubble and melon stubble with fertile soil and good drainage should be selected for continuous cropping, but Evening primrose can not be planted in plots with herbicide residues such as chlorsulfuron, dou sulfuron, Pushter and Guangmianling.

2. Upper basin substrate: vegetable garden soil + slag = 3 + 1, garden soil + medium coarse river sand + sawdust (slag) = 4 + 1 + 2, peat + perlite + ceramsite = 2 + 2 + 1, or peat + slag + ceramsite = 2 + 2 + 1, or peat + slag + ceramsite = 2 + 2 + 1, or sawdust + vermiculite + medium coarse river sand = 2 + 2 + 1.

3. Seedling pots: when installing the basin, the seedlings first put a coarse-grained matrix or ceramsite 2cm thick into the bottom of the basin as a filter layer, sprinkle a layer of fully rotten organic fertilizer as base fertilizer with a thickness of about 1cm to 2cm, then cover it with a substrate, which is about 1cm thick, and then put it into the plant to separate the fertilizer from the root system, avoid burning roots, pour water once after the basin, and keep it in a shady environment for a week.

4. Transplanting seedlings: when transplanting, the seedlings first dig the planting hole, sprinkle a layer of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole as the base fertilizer (base fertilizer), the thickness is about 46.6 cm, and then cover with a layer of soil and put it into the seedlings to separate the fertilizer from the root system and avoid burning roots. After putting it into the seedling, backfill the soil, cover the root system, and trample the soil with your feet and water it once.

5. Field management: the seedlings are very similar to weed seedlings before the second pair of true leaves are extended, and it is easy to be confused, so it can not be ploughed and weeded, but can only be carried out after the second pair of true leaves are unfolded. When the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, Gramineae weeds can be used for a long time to kill the weeds. During the growth period, two ploughing hoes and two intertillage should be carried out, the shovel must be finished before flowering, and the first ploughing hoe and intertillage should be carried out when the seedlings cover the ridges. Two artificial weeds were pulled out in late July and early August, so that there were no weeds exceeding the plant height of evening primrose in the field.

6. Harvest and processing: the evening primrose is an infinite inflorescence, and the fruit ripens one after another. Generally, the best harvest time is when the bottom pods turn yellow and are about to crack, the specific time is in the middle and late September, if it is late, the precocious fruit will dry and crack, and the seeds will scatter by themselves. Can be cut and dried by manual or sun-cutting machine, after drying for 5 to 7 days, pick up or manually remove (beat) with a combine harvester, the seeds after harvest are graded and sorted with a grain cleaner to remove impurities, and stored or sold in a bag when the moisture content drops below 11% after drying.