The latest Ephedra cultivation techniques tutorial

Ephedra, also known as Herba Ephedrae, Ephedra Sinica, etc., is a herbaceous shrub plant of the Ephedra family. There are three kinds of Ephedra, Equisetum, Equisetum and Ephedra, with a height of 20-40 cm and a short woody stem or creeping shape. China is produced in Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, northwest Henan and Shaanxi and other places, with high cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Ephedra.

Growth habits of Ephedra Sinica

Ephedra often grows on hillsides, plains, dry wastelands, river beds and grasslands, distributes in areas with low humidity and less moisture, and often forms a simple community with a large area, which can survive under the extreme temperature of-31.6 to 42.6 ℃. It has the characteristics of both heat-resistant and cold-tolerant plants, and has a high probability of survival in extreme habitats. Ephedra is suitable to grow in sandy soil, and the soil is closely related to the distribution and growth of Ephedra. The soil base layer of 20 cm in topsoil is especially important for the distribution and development of horizontal roots of Ephedra, and pH grows well at about 8.

Propagation techniques of Ephedra

The main results are as follows: 1. Seed propagation: ephedra is mostly sowed and raised in flat beds, and mature and full seeds are selected, and the seeds are sown in April. Strip sowing 5 cm deep trench, row spacing 30-40 cm, seeds evenly sowed in the ditch, fine soil cover, after suppression, small water watering. The distance between holes on demand is 30 cm, sowing about 20 seeds in each hole, covering soil 3-5 cm, pressing and watering with small water. The germination rate of seeds is generally 60% 80% and emerges in 7 days.

2. Split-plant propagation: ephedra can also be propagated in separate plants. the adult plants are usually dug out after thawing in autumn or spring, divided into 5-10 individual plants according to the plant size, ditching, planting, covering soil to root buds according to the row spacing of 30 cm, compacting the surrounding soil and watering the surrounding soil, which should be carefully managed to promote normal growth and development.

Planting techniques of Ephedra

1. Selection of improved varieties: there are 11 kinds of medicinal ephedra in China. The main varieties in Hexi Corridor are Ephedra Sinica, Equisetum equisetifolia, Herba Ephedrae and Ephedra equisetifolia. Among them, Ephedra Sinica has a large distribution area, high grade and good quality, which is the main acquisition object of Ephedra processing Factory and the main variety of cultivation.

2. Soil preparation and fertilization: ephedra is best planted in neutral sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich nutrients. And before sowing, the ground should be turned deeply, with a depth of 40 cm, so as to be deep, thin, flat, solid and even. At the same time, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer combined with soil preparation, generally applying more than 5000 kg of rotten farm manure, 40 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer and 45 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

3. Fine sowing: soaking seeds in 30 ℃ warm water for 4 hours before sowing, sowing seeds with strip sowing or hole sowing, sowing depth of 1.50 cm to 2 cm, covering 2 cm thick river sand after sowing, seedlings can emerge 10-15 days after sowing, sowing amount per mu is 300g, plant row spacing is 20cm × 20cm. If plastic film mulching or seedling transplanting is used, the effect is better.

4. mid-tillage weeding: ephedra is a perennial plant, which is often accompanied by many weeds competing with Ephedra for water and fertilizer, which has a great impact on the yield and alkali content of Ephedra. Therefore, it is necessary to combine with ploughing and timely weeding, loosening the soil 3 times a year and removing weeds 3 times a year.

5. Timely harvest: ephedra generally has a vigorous growth period from May to June, and a high value period for ephedrine accumulation from September to October, so harvesting can not be carried out in the high value period. Seed direct seeding ephedra should be at the end of October or early November in the third year, and the regenerated plants after harvest should be harvested every two years, and the Reed head of 3 cm should be retained during harvest to facilitate regeneration.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Ephedra

1. Blight: before sowing, the soil was irrigated with ferrous sulfate per mu of 15kg for disinfection. After the seedlings came out, they should be sprayed or irrigated with actinomycete thiram, chlorothalonil 2787, carbendazim, Kangkuning or mancozeb and other hairy fungicides. Spray it again every two weeks, and whether or not to apply it again depends on the disease of the seedlings. At the same time, the easy disease package should control the amount of irrigation and the number of irrigation, and try not to raise seedlings in the high or low groundwater level return shade wetland.

2. Quenching disease: ephedra quenching disease was effectively sprayed with Bai Wei Ling, Aminobin and Di Mao San. It was sprayed once in the initial stage of the disease, and then again two weeks later. If the spread area of the disease is large, it should be sprayed every 5 days.

3. Aphids: during the occurrence of ephedra aphids, insecticides can be used alternately to control the occurrence of ephedra aphids. 50% fenitrothion 2000 times or 40% omethoate EC 1000 times 1500 times, or 20% quick kill EC 4000 times, or insecticides such as aphid pine and aldicarb can be sprayed twice after a week, and the spread of king pest can be eliminated.

4. Dodder: ephedra is a strong positive plant, so it is necessary to resolutely put an end to the occurrence of weeds. In ephedra fields parasitized by sporadic flaky dodder, the persistent plants with dodder can be cut off with a sickle or uprooted by roots. if a large area of dodder is harmful, it can be eliminated with herbicides.