The latest course on planting techniques and methods of Evodia rutaecarpa

Evodia rutaecarpa is a bitter stomach tonic and analgesic, also known as Evodia rutaecarpa, tea spicy, lacquer spicy, smelly spicy, rice spicy, etc., is a small tree or shrub of the genus Evodia of Rutaceae, and is planted in small or large quantities in places south of the Qinling Mountains. Born in sparse forests or bushes in the mountains from flat to 1500 meters above sea level, it is more common in sunny slopes. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Evodia rutaecarpa.

Growth habits of Evodia rutaecarpa

Evodia rutaecarpa produces all over the south of Qinling Mountains, but there is no natural distribution in Hainan. It has been introduced and cultivated, and all of them grow badly. Lax requirements for soil, general slopes, plains, houses in front of the house, roadside can be planted. Neutral, slightly alkaline or slightly acidic soil can grow, but when used as a seedbed, it is better to use loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer and good drainage, and low-lying flooded land is not suitable for planting.

Propagation methods of Evodia rutaecarpa

1. Root insertion propagation: a 4-year-old, 6-year-old plant with developed root system and vigorous growth was selected as the mother plant. In early February, the soil around the rhizosphere of the mother plant was dug out, and the thick lateral roots of chopsticks were cut into small segments of 15 cm in length. On the prepared border surface, trenches were opened according to row spacing of 15 cm and plant spacing of 10 cm, the root was obliquely inserted into the soil, the upper end of the soil was slightly exposed, the soil was slightly compacted, and the grass was covered with dilute dung water. New buds will grow in about 2 months and can be planted in the nursery in the next spring or winter.

2. Branch cuttage propagation: select 1-2-year-old strong and pest-free branches, cut the middle section into 20 cm long cuttings in February, the cuttings must retain 3 bud holes, and the lower end is cut into a slope near the node. Insert the lower end of the cuttings into 1ml / L indole butyric acid solution, soak it out and insert it into the seedbed for half an hour, the suitable depth of the cuttings is 2x3 of ear length, compacted with soil and shaded by watering, it can take root after 1-2 months, and transplant in the next year.

3. Tillering reproduction: Evodia rutaecarpa is easy to reproduce by tillering, ploughing out the lateral root at 50 cm from the mother plant every winter, cutting the cortex every 10 cm, covering soil and fertilizing grass. In the following spring, a lot of root tiller seedlings will be pulled out, cover grass will be removed, and the seedlings will be separated and transplanted when the seedling height is about 30 cm.

Planting techniques of Evodia rutaecarpa

1. Land selection and land preparation: Evodia rutaecarpa is lax on the soil. Generally, slopes, plains, houses, and roadsides can be planted. 2000-3000 kg of farm manure per mu is applied as base fertilizer, deeply turned and exposed for a few days, and the broken soil is raked flat to form a high border with a width of 1-13 meters.

2, timely transplanting: transplanting in winter and spring, transplanting in winter is better (about December). In spring (March to April), dig holes according to the plant spacing of 330cm and 400cm, with a diameter of 50cm and 60cm, depending on the length of the root, first apply rotten barnyard manure or river mud as base fertilizer, and plant seedlings to cover the soil and press tightly. The initial seedlings are small and can be intercropped with peanuts, beans and sweet potatoes.

3. Field management: timely ploughing and weeding and keeping the soil moist, applying mature human feces and urine once before spring germination, the amount of fertilizer varies with the age of the tree, 10kg of human feces and urine is applied to each tree in three years, and a ring-shaped shallow ditch is opened about 48 cm from the plant to cover the soil. Before blooming and fruiting in July, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer once, apply compost (or river mud, human feces and urine), plant ash and so on in winter to cultivate the soil to prevent freezing.

4. Pruning and pruning: the top tip of the main stem is cut off to promote the germination of the young tree with a height of 80cm and 100cm. Among the side branches growing in all directions, 3 or 4 strong branches are selected and cultivated into the main branch. In the summer of the second year, three or four fully developed branches were selected between the axils of the main branches, which were cultivated into secondary main branches, and then released lateral branches on the main branches. After several years of shaping and pruning, it has become a high-yielding tree with outer circle and inner space, open crown, ventilation and light, low stem and low crown, which can enter the full fruit period after 3-4 years.

Control of diseases and insect pests of Evodia rutaecarpa

1. Coal disease

[symptoms] Coal disease is also known as coal fouling disease, which is caused by aphids and scale insects on Evodia rutaecarpa. In the later stage, the leaves and technical stem are covered with thick coal seams, and the diseased trees blossom and bear less fruit.

[control] during the occurrence period of aphids and scale insects, 2000 × 3000 times diluted 40% dimethoate EC or 25% imidophos 800 × 1000 times were sprayed, once every 7 days, for 2 times in succession. During the onset of the disease, the patients were sprayed with Bordeaux solution for 10 days, once every 14 days and 3 times in a row.

2. Rust

[symptoms] Rust mainly harms the leaves of Evodia rutaecarpa. At the initial stage of the disease, yellow-green dots and orange-yellow blister spots are formed on the leaves, causing the leaves to die.

[prevention and treatment] spray Baume 0.3 degree stone sulfur mixture or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 500 times, once every 7 days.

3. Old wood worm

[symptoms] the larvae ate food in the tree trunk, and the stem died hollow. From July to October, unshaped glial secretions, sawdust and insect dung appeared on the trunk below 30 cm from the ground.

Use a knife to scrape off eggs and newly hatched worms. when the larvae are eaten inside the wood, 50 times of wettable BHC powder can be filled outside the wormhole, or 80% dichlorvos solution can be soaked in cotton to plug the wormhole to seal the hole to kill the larvae.