The latest course on planting techniques of Gentiana macrophylla

Gentiana, also known as big-leaf gentian, big-leaf Gentiana, etc., is a perennial herb of Gentianaceae, which is produced in Xinjiang, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Northeast China. It has high medicinal value and is often used as one of the main drugs for the treatment of rheumatic arthralgia, tuberculosis, hot flashes, jaundice and other diseases. Let's take a look at the planting technology of Gentiana.

Growth habits of Gentiana macrophylla

Gentiana was born on beaches, roadsides, ditches, hillside grasslands, meadows, forests and forest margins, 400-2400 meters above sea level. Like humid, cool climate, cold-resistant, afraid of stagnant water, avoid strong light, suitable for growing in deep, fertile loam or sandy loam, waterlogged saline-alkali land is not suitable for cultivation. The seeds should germinate at lower temperature, and the optimum temperature for germination is about 20 ℃. It usually turns green in late May, blossoms in late June, and matures in August. The annual growth period is about 100 days, and the seed life span is 1 year.

Seedling raising techniques of Gentiana macrophylla

1. Site selection: choose sites that are 200 meters away from the road, away from residential areas and polluted places, close to water sources, flat land or gentle slope land, and the soil quality is suitable for sandy loam, forest humus soil and brown soil, which requires deep soil layer, fertile soil, loose and moist soil, and the soil pH is 5.5-6.5. Legumes, corn and so on are suitable for the previous crops.

2. Soil preparation: in the autumn of the year before sowing or transplanting, before sowing or transplanting, apply rotten organic fertilizer 3000cm / mu, turn 20 cm deep, rake into pieces, and evenly mix soil and fertilizer to make a border with a width of 1.2 to 1.5 meters and a height of 20 centimeters, with a width of 50 centimeters. Border soil requires looseness, fine crushing, no roots, grass roots, stones and other sundries.

3. Sowing: autumn or spring sowing. Autumn sowing takes place from the first ten days of October to before freezing, and spring sowing takes place in early April, when there is no snow on the ground and when the soil is thawed 3cm to 5cm. Sowing can take the method of sowing and strip sowing, trench on the bed, ditch width of 10 cm, depth of 3 cm to 5 cm, furrow distance of 20 cm. The seed consumption per mu is 500g to 750g. After sowing, the border is covered with pine needles or straw, with a thickness of 1cm to 2cm. The height of the seedling is 6cm to 9cm, and the distance between the plant is about 9cm, so it is not suitable for transplanting.

Planting techniques of Gentiana macrophylla

1. Site selection: after the seedlings of Gentiana straminea come out, remove the mulch, remove the weeds, and control the growth of diseases and insect pests for 1 year. The former stubble is suitable for Gramineae crops, with deep soil layer, good drainage and easy tillage, applying high quality farm manure 15002000 kg / mu and calcium superphosphate 50kg / mu for planting after fine soil preparation.

2. Transplanting: Gentiana macrophylla was planted in ditches from the first ten days to the middle of October. The plant spacing is 15-20 m and the row spacing is 20-25 cm. The seedlings are protected from 0.09 to 1400 plants / mu, each row is covered with soil and compacted, and then continue to be planted in spring after the soil is thawed, the seedlings must not show buds, and the survival rate of seedlings is not high. Therefore, according to the local natural conditions, the sooner the soil is thawed, the better.

3. Management: Gentiana should be often watered after sowing to before emergence to keep the topsoil layer moist. Stack 90% trichlorfon or dimethoate 15 times liquid mixed with wheat bran around the border 4 to trap and kill mole cricket. When the seedlings grow to 2 pairs of true leaves, remove about half of the mulch, and then remove all the straw or pine needles when 4 true leaves. In dry and hot weather, the mulch can be removed later to help preserve soil moisture. Weeds should be weeded in time to keep the fields free of weeds. When the temperature is high and the dry soil layer appears below 20 cm, drip irrigation is best used.

4. Disease prevention: the main disease of Gentiana macrophylla is leaf spot, when the disease occurs, the leaf appears brown round or oval spot. Disinfect seeds before sowing, find and control diseased plants in time, and do a good job in field hygiene. 65% mancozeb 400 × 500 times solution was sprayed every 7 days in the first and middle of June, and 300 times liquid mancozeb was sprayed every 7 days from mid-June to October.

5. Harvest: Gentiana was harvested 3-5 years after sowing, harvested when the aboveground parts withered in autumn, washed with clean water after harvest, hung to half-dry, cut off the Reed head, and then dried to the whole dry. Stir-fry Gentiana straminea is to place Gentiana tablets in a frying pan, heat them over a gentle fire, stir-fry until there are slightly scorched spots on the surface of the tablets, and take them out to dry.